2010—2022年中国甲真菌病致病菌空间分布的系统综述

A systematic review of the spatial distribution of onychomycosis pathogens in China from 2010 to 2022

摘要:

目的 分析中国甲真菌病致病菌的种类,并系统研究其空间分布特征。方法 检索中国知网期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和PubMed数据库相关文献进行系统综述,检索时限为2010—2022年。结果 最终纳入57篇文献,涵盖中国的23个省、直辖市和自治区。共有17 292株致病菌被纳入研究,其种类至少有28个属60种。其中,皮肤癣菌(DMPs) 占比59.1%(10 223株),酵母菌占比35.1%(6 063株),非皮肤癣菌(NDMs)占比5.8%(1 006株)。最主要的致病菌是红色毛癣菌(44.9%,7 765株),其次为白念珠菌(13.7%,2 371株)。DMPs呈现北方普遍高于南方,其构成比呈现随着地理位置的南迁逐渐下降的地域分布特点,酵母菌则呈现与DMPs相反的分布特点,NDMs呈散在分布。此外,DMPs在积温低、降雨少的气候大区占据明显优势,酵母菌在积温高、降雨多的气候大区则分布较多,NDMs呈散在分布。结论 中国甲真菌病致病菌主要为DMPs,其中红色毛癣菌是中国最主要的甲真菌病致病菌。致病菌种类的空间分布特征随地理位置和气候的变化而变化。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the type of onychomycosis pathogens in China, and systematically study their spatial distribution characteristics. Methods Relevant literatures in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed from 2010 to 2022 were systematically reviewed. Results A total of 57 literatures were included in the analysis, covering 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. A total of 17 292 strains of pathogens were included in the study, with at least 28 genus and 60 species. Dermatophytes (DMPs), yeast, and on-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) accounted for 59.1% (n=10 223), 35.1% (n=6 063), and 5.8% (n=1 006), respectively. The most common pathogen was Trichoton rubrum (44.9%, n=7 765), followed by Candida albicans (13.7%, n=2 371). The regional distribution of DMPs in the North was generally higher than that in the South, and the constituent ratio of DMPs gradually decreased with the geographical migration to the South. The distribution of yeast was opposite to that of DMPs, distribution of NDMs was scattered. In addition, DMPs was dominant in the climate regions with low accumulated temperature and less rainfall, yeast was more distributed in the climate regions with high accumulated temperature and more rainfall, distribution of NDMs was scattered. Conclusion The main pathogen causing onychomycosis in China is DMPs, among which Trichoton rubrum is the most important pathogen of onychomycosis in China. The spatial distribution of pathogens varies with geographical location and climate.