Chinese Journal of Infection Control |
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Editor in Chief：Wu, Anhua ISSN：1671-9638 CN：43-1390/R Sponsor：Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China Organizer：Central South University, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Publication cycle：monthly Telephone：0731-84327658 84327237 Email：zggrkz2002@vip.sina.com |
Ranking list
- 01 Molecular epidemiological study of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus FREE4858
- 02 Chinese experts’ consensus on prevention and control of multidrug resistance organism healthcare associated infection3999
- 03 Homology analysis on ICU multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infection FREE3997
- 04 Distribution and change of microbial population of clinical isolated bacteria from a hospital between 1999 and 2008 FREE3882
- 05 Colonization and drug resistance of multidrug resistant bacteria in intensive care unit FREE3742
- 06 A new glycopeptide antibiotic——dalbavancin3709
- 07 A case control study on risk factors for nosocomial infection of Acinetobacter baumannii in internal medicine intensive care units FREE3465
- 08 Antimicrobial activity of linezolid and other antimicrobial agents against Enterococci spp. in vitro FREE3419
- 09 Change in drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to β lactam antibiotics FREE3411
- 10 Catheter associated nosocomial infection in surgical intensive care unit :a 5 year data analysis3319
- 01 Epidemiological and clinical analysis on bacillary dysentery in 175 children in three years249596
- 02 Comparison of the effectiveness of different disinfectants on blood donors before donation124377
- 03 National healthcare associated infection surveillance system point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in 740 Chinese hospitals in 2010120811
- 04 Study on resistant mechanism of two clinical strains of Enterobacter aerogenes to ertapenem118657
- 05 Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of major gram negative bacilli in ICU and non ICU wards in a grass roots hospital116975
- 06 Adverse drug reactions of ganciclovir in treating infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis111667
- 07 Drug resistance and disinfectant resistant genes of Staphylococcus aureus from neonates at a neonatal ward111116
- 08 Monitoring on occupational exposure of health care workers at a general tertiary hospital107574
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Health risks and challenges to infection prevention and control posed by climate change
• YE Qing, WANG Qiuhong, WU Anhua
•2025,24(2):149-157 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20257368
Abstract:： Climate change has emerged as a focal point of global concern in the 21st century. This paper systema-tically summarizes the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human ...Climate change has emerged as a focal point of global concern in the 21st century. This paper systema-tically summarizes the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human health, including directly causing human death and disability in the form of disasters, and increasing the risk of climate-sensitive diseases, including chronic non-infectious diseases, infectious diseases, mental and psychological problems, as well as allergic diseases and malnutrition through changes in temperature and humidity, air pollution, as well as changes in the geographical distribution of disease vectors. Based on these, within the global governance framework, this paper focuses on the challenges faced by medical institutions in the field of infection prevention and control, and explores in depth infection control response strategies from five aspects, so as to provide reference for further enhancing the climate resi-lience capacity of the medical system and safeguarding public health. Show
KeyWord：climate change;health risk;infection prevention and control;climate resilience;mitigation activity
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Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in the mainland of China
• CHEN Geng, ZHANG Huiguo, HUANG Ruifang
•2025,24(2):158-167 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256778
Abstract:： Objective To explore the regional differences and seasonal evolution characteristics of the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease ...Objective To explore the regional differences and seasonal evolution characteristics of the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in the mainland of China, and provide theoretical support for different provinces to develop HFMD prevention and control measures in response to seasonal changes. Methods HFMD incidence data and corresponding meteorological data across 31 provinces in the mainland of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from January 2011 to December 2020 were collec-ted. The geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was employed to quantitatively analyze the regional differences and seasonality of meteorological impacts on HFMD incidence. Results From 2011 to 2020, the average annual incidence of HFMD in the mainland of China displayed periodicity with even years a higher incidence than odd years, and an initial increase followed by a decreasing trend. The incidence in different provinces showed significant seasonal characteristics, peaking from May to July and September to October. High-incidence provinces of HFMD were predominantly located in the southern region, and exhibiting significant spatial clustering characteristics of HFMD in each province. GTWR model analysis results indicated that the average wind speed promoted the incidence of HFMD in Inner Mongolia, Beijing, and the northeastern region, but inhibited the incidence in other provinces. In addition, the regional evolution characteristics of the average wind speed were divergent and weakened from southwest China, showing a "parabolic" changing trend in seasonality. Except for Heilongjiang and Jilin, the average temperature and cumulative precipitation generally promoted HFMD incidence of each province, presenting regional changing characteristics of weakening gradually from south to north, as well as "M"-shaped seasonal effects of wind speed and "W"-shaped effects of cumulative precipitation. Cumulative sunlight exposure had an inhibitory effect on HFMD incidence of each province, presenting regional characteristics of weakening gradually from southeast to northwest and a "U"-shaped seasonal pattern. Conclusion The impact of meteorological factors on HFMD incidence in the mainland of China exhibits significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. It is recommended that different provinces formulate distinct HFMD prevention and control measures in response to seasonal changes, so as to reduce the incidence of HFMD effectively. Show
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A real-world study on reducing central line-associated bloodstream infection
• HE Li, JIANG Xiaoyan, LYU Yu
•2025,24(2):168-175 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20255436
Abstract:： Objective To evaluate the risk and window period of the occurrence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), analyze the effect of applying multidisciplinar...Objective To evaluate the risk and window period of the occurrence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), analyze the effect of applying multidisciplinary team (MDT) management to reduce CLABSI, and provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for CLABSI. Methods All hospitalized patients with central venous catheter (CVC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary first-class hospital were selected from January, 2019 to December, 2022. A two-stage, single-center, pre- and post-control real-world study was adopted. The first stage (from January, 2019 to December, 2020) was the baseline control stage, and the second stage (from January, 2021 to December, 2022) was the intervention stage. The project team used MDT management method to continuously strengthen organizational management, improve work processes, and prospectively monitor the risk of the occurrence of CLABSI by using the independently developed "CLABSI whistle system". In addition, according to the actual risk situation, a mechanism of cross-checklist was added to CLABSI bundle prevention and control strategy within 7 days after CVC intubation. Results The incidence of CLABSI at baseline stage was 9.16% and the daily incidence was 10.75‰. The incidence of CLABSI in the intervention period was 5.99% and the daily incidence was 6.48‰. The incidence and daily incidence of CLABSI before and after intervention were statistically different (both P<0.001). The acute onset period of CLABSI was 7-9 days after CVC intubation, afterwards the risk turned stable. The project team successfully reduced the risk of CLABSI through intervention within 7 days after intubation (χ2=19.130, P＜0.001). Conclusion 7-9 days after CVC intubation is the window of opportunity to reduce CLABSI, and grasping this period can effectively reduce the risk of CLABSI. Show
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Establishment of quality control index system for healthcare-associated infection management in neonatal specialty hospital
• ZHUO Fengjuan, SUN Zhiqing, TU Lixiang, ZHU Xiaosong, PENG Shanxin, LI Hongyan
•2025,24(2):176-181 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256560
Abstract:： Objective To establish a quantifiable quality control index system for infection management in neonatal specialty hospitals for the comprehensive evaluation of neonatal heal...Objective To establish a quantifiable quality control index system for infection management in neonatal specialty hospitals for the comprehensive evaluation of neonatal healthcare-associated infection (HAI) management quality, and to promote the continuous enhancement and improvement of neonatal HAI management quality. Methods The framework of the index system was preliminarily established through literature research and focus group discussion, the indexes were repeatedly screened using Delphi expert consultation approach, and the weights of each index were determined using the analytic hierarchy process. The empirical study of the established index system was conducted using TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method. Results Three rounds of expert consultation were conducted, and the effective response rate of the questionnaire was 100%. The authoritative coefficient of the third round of expert consultation was 0.89, and the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance for expert opinion was 0.322. The established index system included 3 first-level indexes, 6 second-level indexes, and 16 third-level indexes. Thirteen of third-level indexes could be directly obtained from the hospital information system. Conclusion The quality control index system for neonatal HAI management established in this study is relatively scientific, with rational weights and all quantifiable indexes. It can be used for vertical and horizontal evaluations of neonatal HAI management quality, providing a reference for the continuous improvement of neonatal HAI management work. Show
KeyWord：healthcare-associated infection management;quality control;neonate;index system
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Meta-analysis on common complications of internal jugular vein catheterization and subclavian vein catheterization
• LIU Xueyun, JI Dongmei, TANG Li, LU Qin, GUO Weicheng, YANG Chao, JIANG Jie
•2025,24(2):182-192 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256129
Abstract:： Objective To investigate the occurrence risk for common complications of internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein (SCV) catheterization, and provide reference for the...Objective To investigate the occurrence risk for common complications of internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein (SCV) catheterization, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of common complications during clinical intravenous infusion therapy. Methods Data from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, Embase (via OVID), PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were retrieved, with the search period from database establishment to August 3, 2023. Prospective cohort and experimental studies on common complications in patients with IJV and SCV cathete-rization were collected. Meta-analysis on the extracted data was performed with RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 29 studies involving 14 096 patients were included in the analysis, including 6 355 patients with SCV catheterization (SCV group) and 7 741 patients with IJV catheterization (IJV group). Meta-analysis results showed that the occurrence risk for hemopneumothorax (OR=0.23, 95%CI ［0.14-0.37］) and catheter tip ectopic (OR=0.16, 95%CI ［0.03-0.85］) in SCV group was higher than that in IJV group, and the occurrence risk for central venous catheter-related deep venous thrombosis in IJV group was higher than that in SCV group (OR=2.35, 95%CI ［1.31-4.21］), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). There were no statistical differences in the occurrence risk of vascular catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), catheter blockage, and catheter local hematoma between the two groups (all P>0.05), there was difference in the combined result of subgroup analysis regarding catheter bacterial colonization. Conclusion Compared with IJV, patients in SCV group have a higher risk of developing hemopneumothorax and catheter tip ectopic, while patients with catheterization in IJV group have a higher risk of deep veinous thrombosis. There are no significant differences in the occurrence risk for CRBSI, catheter blockage, and catheter local hematoma between two groups of patients. It is suggested that patient’s own conditions and the accessibility of deep vein catheterization should be considered more when selecting the site of deep venous catheterization. Show
KeyWord：internal jugular vein;subclavian vein;catheterization;complication;Meta-analysis
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Streptococcus gallolyticus infection in children: a systematic review based on case reports
• WANG Ruili, TAO Xingru, XING Yabing
•2025,24(2):193-200 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256166
Abstract:： Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical characteristics of Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) infection in children. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ch...Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical characteristics of Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) infection in children. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases were systematically retrieved, retrieval time was from database establishment to March 15, 2024. Case reports or case series reports of SG infection in children were included, while reviews, abstracts that couldn’t obtain the full text, and literatures outside of Chinese and English language were excluded. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included literatures, extracted literature information, and summarized the clinical characteristics of SG infection by adopting Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality evaluation tools. Results 35 literatures were included in analysis, involving 65 pediatric patients, including 40 males and 22 females, with 3 cases not reporting gender. The age of onset ranges from 20 hours to 3.5 years old. Bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, infective endocarditis, urinary tract infection, and liver abscess were 53, 38, 4, 2 cases, and 1 case, respectively. SG had a high susceptibility rate to penicillin (96.1%). Bacteremia and meningitis were often treated with monotherapy of penicillin G, ampicillin, or cefotaxime, with a few cases using two antimicrobial combination. Four cases of endocarditis were all treated with two antimicrobial combination, and one case of liver abscess was treated with three antimicrobial combination; 60 cases survived, 4 cases died, and 1 case had no reported clinical outcome. Seven children with meningitis developed neurological complications, and one child with endocarditis developed glomerulonephritis. Conclusion Low-age children is the main population of SG infection in children, especially neonate, with bacteremia and meningitis being the most common. Most children have good clinical outcomes, and minority of children with bacteremia may die from septic shock. Show
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Effect of bundle intervention on reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infection
• LAN Tingyu, HE Hongwu, MING Xing, LUO Qingqin, LAI Ruiping, MENG Kun, TANG Yijun, XIE Duoshuang
•2025,24(2):201-206 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20255464
Abstract:： Objective To evaluate the effect of bundle intervention on reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Methods Hospitalized patients with urinary ca...Objective To evaluate the effect of bundle intervention on reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Methods Hospitalized patients with urinary catheterization in a tertiary first-class hospital were subjected to targeted monitoring of a baseline survey from January to December 2022 (pre-intervention). The main causes were found out, and bundle intervention measures were developed and implemented through plan-do-check-act (PDCA) tools from January to March 2023 (intervention period). The data from April to December 2023 (post-intervention) were collected, difference in catheter use rate and incidence of CAUTI before and after intervention were compared. Results The implementation rate of correctly hanging urine collection bags after intervention was 97.00%, the implementation rate of timely emptying urine collection bags was 91.72%, awareness rate of hand hygiene among patient’s family members was 79.13%, implementation rate of urinary catheter clamping during transportation was 74.79%, and daily evaluation implementation rate was 87.68%, which were higher than the pre-intervention rates of 85.63%, 80.47%, 62.75%, 60.00%, and 79.93%, respectively. The incidence of CAUTI decreased from 1.23‰ before intervention to 0.57‰ after intervention, the use rate of urinary catheter decreased from 5.53% before intervention to 5.37% after intervention. Differences of the above indicators were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Through targeted monitoring on CAUTI and PDCA quality tools, the weak links in healthcare-associated infection control are identified, more targeted prevention and control measures are formulated, the implementation of bundle intervention measures can reduce the incidence of CAUTI. Show
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Clinical characteristics and drug resistance of Streptococcus anginosus group pulmonary abscess in patients
• HOU Xuan, HE Xiaoliang, JIANG Yan, WU Xueqing, ZHANG Wei, WANG Hui, TAO Junqi, DENG Minghui, ZHOU Mengrong, GU Yihai
•2025,24(2):207-213 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256817
Abstract:： Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of patients with Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) pulmonary abscess and resistance of SAG. Methods 67 patients...Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of patients with Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) pulmonary abscess and resistance of SAG. Methods 67 patients with pulmonary abscess admitted to a hospital from January 2018 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, clinical data of patients with SAG pulmonary abscess were analyzed, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial agents to 18 SAG strains was detected by microbroth dilution method, the carriage of resistance genes and virulence genes of SAG were detected by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results Among 67 patients with pulmonary abscess, SAG accounted for 29.9% (20/67), out of which 2 were excluded due to bacterial inactivation, and 18 patients were included for further studies. 18 patients with SAG pulmonary abscess were all community acquired, with an average age of (60.9±9.1) years. There were 13 (72.2%) male patients, most patients (94.4%) complicated chronic pulmonary disease, with cough (94.4%) and expectoration (88.9%) as the initial symptoms, some patients (44.4%) had chest pain, and more than half (61.1%) didn’t have fever. The proportion of neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were mostly elevated, while procalcitonin was normal. The resistance rate of 18 SAG strains to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline was >65%, out of which 14 strains carried resistance gene ermB, 13 strains carried resistance gene tetM, and 1 strain carried both resistance gene msrD and mefA. 18 SAG strains were detected virulence gene psaA, out of which 3 strains were detected virulence gene nanA. Conclusion SAG is an important pathogen that causes pulmonary abscess, and the patients’complications are mainly chronic pulmonary di-seases, with non-specific clinical manifestations; Most strains carry ermB and tetM genes, mediating resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines. Show
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Active screening of bacteria from neonates of different sources in a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai
• ZHU Dan, WANG Dan, XIA Min, ZOU Ni
•2025,24(2):214-220 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20255452
Abstract:： Objective To analyze the active screening results on bacteria from neonates from different sources in the neonatal ward of a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai, provide a...Objective To analyze the active screening results on bacteria from neonates from different sources in the neonatal ward of a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai, provide a basis for the prevention and control of neonatal infections. Methods The monitoring results of active screening on all neonates admitted to the neonatal ward of the hospital from 2017 to 2023 were collected retrospectively. Changes in bacterial detection among neonates admitted from the obstetrics department and the community were compared and analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2023, a total of 4 265 neonates were admitted to the hospital, including 3 339 from department of obstetrics (obstetrics source group) and 926 from community (community source group). Active screening showed that 490 and 572 neonates were detected with bacteria, respectively. Bacterial detection rate of neonates in obstetrics source group was lower than community source group (14.68% vs 61.77%, P<0.001); detection rates of bacteria from pharynx and umbilical site of neonates in community source group were both higher than obstetrics source group (both P<0.001); detection rate of bacteria from neonates’ umbilical site was higher than that from pharynx of both obstetrics source group and community source group (both P<0.001). A total of 1 348 bacterial strains were detected, detection rates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Acinetobacter baumannii in the obstetrics source group were all higher than community source group (all P<0.05), detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae in the obstetrics source group were both lower than community source group (both P<0.05). 66 neonates were detected multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO), 14 were from obstetrics source group and 52 from community source group, 63 neonates were detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The detection rates of MDRO and MRSA from community source group were both higher than obstetrics source group (both P<0.001); detection rate of MDRO from neonates’ umbilical site was higher than that from the pharynx of the community source group (P<0.001). Conclusion Bacteria detected in the obstetrics source group is mainly Escherichia coli, while that detected from community source group is mainly Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is the main MDRO from neonates, and bacterial screening of neonates admitted from the community should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of MDRO, especially community-acquired MRSA in neonatal wards. Show
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Needlestick and sharps injuries among health care workers in a stomatology hospital
• LIU Huaze, SONG Fuyu, XIONG Qiao, GU Yun, LIU Zhiqing, ZHOU Yi
•2025,24(2):221-227 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20255447
Abstract:： Objective To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) among oral health care workers (HCWs). Methods NSIs reported by West Ch...Objective To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) among oral health care workers (HCWs). Methods NSIs reported by West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2020 to 2023 were collected, and factors relevant to NSIs were analyzed. Results A total of 391 cases of NSIs were reported. Only one case of injury was caused by a sterile device, while the remaining 390 cases were caused by contaminated devices. There were 85, 107, 113, and 86 cases in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. Most NSIs occurred among interns (n=235, 60.1%). 294 cases (75.2%) of NSIs occurred among HCWs who had less than 3 years of clinical experience. The distribution of NSIs among 235 interns in different months showed that NSIs accounted for a relatively high proportion from April to June and July to September, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The ventral side of the left thumb was the most common site of NSIs (n=53, 13.6%), followed by the ventral side of the right index finger (n=45, 11.5%) and the ventral side of the left index finger (n=44, 11.3%). The most common devices involved in NSIs were various types of syringe needles (n=84, 21.5%), followed by various types of dental burs (n=76, 19.4%) and suture needles (n=49, 12.5%). Injuries mainly occurred during the treatment process (n=212, 54.2%) and in the department of endodontics (n=86, 22.0%). This study didn’t find any occupational bloodborne infection case caused by NSIs. Conclusion NSIs mainly occur among inexperienced oral interns, and devices causing NSIs are related to the treatment process. Show
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Construction and validation of prediction model for catheter-related bloodstream infection in preterm infants receiving PICC
• DOU Yingying, GUO Yongqin, LI Jianli, HAO Yanan, WANG Xiaoyun
•2025,24(2):228-235 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256233
Abstract:： Objective To construct a prediction model for the risk of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC)-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in preterm infants, and ...Objective To construct a prediction model for the risk of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC)-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in preterm infants, and evaluate the effect of the model. Methods 1 295 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a hospital and received PICC intravenous infusion from January 2019 to October 2023 were selected as the study subjects, including 1 080 preterm infants from January 2019 to December 2022 in the modeling set and 215 premature infants from January to October 2023 in the validation set.Risk factors of cases were analyzed based on 24 clinical characteristics, optimized characteristics was selected by LASSO regression, independent risk factors for CRBSI of preterm infants during PICC indwelling period were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis, and nomogram model was constructed with R software. Discrimination and fitting of the model were evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) as well as Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve, and clinical practicality of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Multivariate logistic analysis showed that birth weight ≥1 500 g, sterile protection during catheter maintenance, and sterile cloth wrapped joints were protective factors for CRBSI during PICC indwelling period in preterm infants (OR=0.172, 0.187, 0.063, respectively, all P<0.05), while puncture frequency ＞2 times, catheter indwelling period ＞14 days, and use of tees were independent risk factors for CRBSI during PICC indwelling period in premature infants (OR=2.533, 14.128, 13.256, respectively, all P<0.05). The AUC of ROC of the modeling set was 0.953 (95%CI: 0.936-0.969), and that of the validation set was 0.930 (95%CI: 0.885-0.974), indicating good discriminability of the model. The calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed that the model had good accuracy and consistency, with high net profit value, indicating that the predictive value of the model was high and with good clinical practica-lity. The statistical test result in the rationality analysis of the model was P<0.001. Conclusion The nomogram model based on the general clinical characteristics of preterm infants as well as the basic prevention and control measures of the catheter can provide a visual and simple evaluation tool for early identification of high risk factors for CRBSI in preterm infants. Show
KeyWord：preterm infant;PICC;catheter-related bloodstream infection;risk prediction model
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Monitoring of bacterial contamination of water specimens at different pre-discharge time of flexible endoscopic final rinse water before daily use: a multicenter study
• ZHEN Jing, CHEN Liuji, ZHANG Yangyang, HUANG Ziyi, LIU Haixia, LI Xianhuang, HUANG Xi, MA Jiuhong
•2025,24(2):236-241 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256286
Abstract:： Objective To investigate the bacterial contamination of water specimens at different pre-discharge time of flexible endoscopic final rinse water before daily use, and provid...Objective To investigate the bacterial contamination of water specimens at different pre-discharge time of flexible endoscopic final rinse water before daily use, and provide reference basis for choosing the optimal pre-discharge time in clinical work. Methods From August to December 2023, the water produced by the purified water equipment of the digestive endoscopy centers of 4 tertiary first-class medical institutions in Jiangxi Province, as well as the final rinsing water at the terminal-point at different pre-discharge times (before pre-discharge, discharge of 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes) were subjected to on-site sampling,the collected water specimens were performed microbiological cultures by pouring and filter membrane methods, unqualified water specimens were performed bacterial identification. Results 48 specimens of water produced by purified water equipment were collected, with qualified rate of 100%. 480 final water specimens were collected, with a qualified rate of 0 before pre-discharge. The qualified rates of pre-discharge at 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes were 0, 21.88%, 55.21%, and 73.96%, respectively. Bacterial colony counts in the final rinse water with different pre-discharge times in 4 medical institutions showed statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). As the pre-discharge time increased, bacterial colony counts in the final rinse water of all four medical institutions showed a decreasing trend. The pairwise comparison of the overall bacterial colony count of the final rinse water at different pre-discharge time showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial colony count of the final rinse water at 5 and 10 minutes of pre-discharge (P>0.05), while the pairwise comparison between other time points showed statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Environmental contaminated bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus, Cupriavidus paucula, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis were detected from the unqualified water specimens. Conclusion With the extension of pre-discharge time, the degree of bacterial contamination in the final rinse water significantly decreases. All levels of medical institutions need to pre-discharge the final rinse water daily, and the pre-discharge time should last for at least 5 minutes. Show
KeyWord：flexible endoscope;final rinse water;pre-discharge time;bacterial contamination
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Clinical case analysis and diagnosis of Lyme disease
• LI Xiaoli, LI Shaogang, ZOU Yang
•2025,24(2):242-246 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256627
Abstract:： Objective To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis cases. Methods Clinical data of 25 hospitalized patients with Lyme disease adm...Objective To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis cases. Methods Clinical data of 25 hospitalized patients with Lyme disease admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2013 to April 2024 were collected, and clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed. Results The average age of 25 patients with confirmed Lyme disease was (48.60±17.89) years, 20 patients (80.0%) presented fever. 8 patients (32.0%) had joint pain, mainly in large joints such as knee joint, elbow joint, lumbar spine, and hip joint. 10 patients (40.0%) had skin lesions, including 2 cases of erythema migrans and 8 cases predominantly with maculopapular rash. Neurological manifestations were mainly numbness in the limbs, muscle twitching, and abnormal skin sensations (n=8, 32.0%), cardiovascular damage was mainly arrhythmias (n=3) and pericardial effusion (n=1). Disease course of 23 patients (92.0%) was <6 months, but were accompanied by multiple comorbidities. All patients tested positive for Lyme disease antibodies (IgM or IgG). Before the onset of the disease, 8 patients (32.0%) lived in Beijing, 7 (28.0%) lived abroad, and 10 (40.0%) lived in provinces other than Beijing. All patients had a history of mosquito bites, with 5 patients confirmed to have been bitten by ticks. Conclusion Lyme disease involves multiple organs, and patients have diverse clinical symptoms. Epidemiological history of tick bites and laboratory testing of related antibodies can improve the diagnosis rate of this disease. Show
KeyWord：Lyme disease;Borrelia burgdorferi;clinical characteristics;epidemiology;diagnosis;case analysis
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Impact of healthcare-associated infection control culture construction on hand hygiene compliance
• ZHANG Qi, LI Qian, ZHANG Xueqin, WANG Xiaoyan, LI Baozhen, PING Baohua, CHU Meng, YE Feng
•2025,24(2):247-252 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256470
Abstract:： Objective To evaluate the impact of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) control culture construction on the hand hygiene (HH) compliance of health care workers (HCWs), and...Objective To evaluate the impact of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) control culture construction on the hand hygiene (HH) compliance of health care workers (HCWs), and provide a basis for strengthening HAI management. Methods HCWs in a hospital in Xi’an City were selected as the research objects. On the occasion of World HH Day, a series of publicity activities on HH as well as HAI prevention and control were held. Pre-activities period was April 1-30, 2024. During May 1-31, 2024, a series of publicity activities on HH as well as HAI prevention and control were carried out. The post-activities investigation period was June 1-30, 2024. During December 1-31, 2024, HH compliance survey was carried out in batches in the whole hospital (including key departments). HH compliance at different stages was compared. Results After a series of publicity activities on HH as well as HAI prevention and control, HCWs’ HH compliance rate was improved. HH compliance rate of nursing staff increased from 70.15% to 85.11%; HH compliance rate of HCWs before contacting with patients increased from 47.83% to 78.38%; both with statistically significant difference (both P<0.05). During December 1-31, 2024, a batch survey on HH compliance of the whole hospital (including key departments) showed that the HH compliance rates of medical and nursing staff in key departments were higher than those of the whole hospital, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). HH compliance rates before aseptic operation and after contacting with patients in key departments were both higher than those of the whole hospital, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Publicity activities on HH as well as HAI prevention control can improve HH compliance rate of HCWs. HAI managers should pay more attention to the general departments and improve HH compliance rate of HCWs. Show
KeyWord：healthcare-associated infection;hand hygiene;compliance;culture construction
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Isolation and significance of Oligella in urine
• ZHANG Tiantian, LI Feiyang, ZHOU Yuling
•2025,24(2):253-257 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256598
Abstract:： Objective To explore the isolation and significance of Oligella in urine specimens, improve clinical awareness, and enhance the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of ...Objective To explore the isolation and significance of Oligella in urine specimens, improve clinical awareness, and enhance the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the bacterium. Methods Clinical data of 3 patients from whom Oligella was detected in urine cultures in a hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literatures were retrieved from databases for review. Results Among these 3 cases in this hospital, one patient had asymptomatic bacteriuria and did not receive antimicrobial treatment, after receiving supportive treatments such as kidney protection and blood sugar control, the condition improved. Two cases were clinically diagnosed as infection and improved after treatment with phosphomycin and moxifloxacin, respectively. Three cases in this study and 85 cases in the literature review showed that 59 cases had asymptomatic bacteriuria, 27 cases had urinary tract infections, and 2 cases had symptoms of urinary incontinence (urinary tract infection was possible). Oligella urethralis was susceptible to most antimicrobial agents except fluoroquinolones. However, Oligella ureolytica exhibited uncertain antimicrobial susceptibility. Conclusion Oligella mainly exists in a colonized state in the urinary system and can also cause urinary tract infections, it can also be isolated from a small number of urinary incontinence patients, and its relationship with urinary incontinence needs further research. There are differences in antimicrobial susceptibility among different species of Oligella, clinical practice should correctly understand the significance of detecting this bacteria from urine specimens and use antimicrobial agents rationally. Show
KeyWord：Oligella;Oligella urethralis;Oligella ureolytica;urinary tract infection;rational antimicrobial use
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Septicemia caused by Bacillus cereus in premature low birth weight infants: 3 cases report and literature review
• LI Pei, ZHAO Xinmao, LI Rui, YANG Qing, YUAN Xiaoning, ZHANG Huizhi, XING Yan
•2025,24(2):258-263 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256495
Abstract:： Objective To summarize the characteristics and sources of infection risk of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) septicemia in low birth weight (LBW) infants, and provide reference f...Objective To summarize the characteristics and sources of infection risk of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) septicemia in low birth weight (LBW) infants, and provide reference for infection prevention and control. Methods Characteristics of 3 LBW infants with B. cereus septicemia were reported and analyzed, relevant literatures were searched for systematically summarizing the characteristics and sources of infection risk of B. cereus septicemia in infants. Results Among 3 LBW infants reported in this paper, 2 died and 1 was cured. No clear infection source was found in the environment through object surface sampling analysis. A total of 43 cases were reported in the previous literatures, 41 cases had reported on survival status, the mortality was 36.6%. The main risk factors for infection were auxiliary ventilation, umbilical vein catheterization or central vein catheterization and enteral feeding. In the reported 3 cases with clear sources of infection, the pathogens came from mother’s milk, decoration area, surface of infant incubator and ultrasonic probe. Conclusion Premature LBW infants with B. cereus septicemia have high mortality and poor prognosis, which is a healthcare-associated infectious disease seriously threatening the life and health of LBW infants. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and relevant departments of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) management need to pay attention to the prevention, monitoring, early detection, as well as active diagnosis and treatment of HAI caused by this bacteria. Show
KeyWord：Bacillus cereus;septicemia;low birth weight infant;healthcare-associated infection
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Epidermoid cyst caused by Cutibacterium avidum: a case report
• ZHANG Kaixuan, XU Yuanyuan, LI Yao, TANG Mengxing
•2025,24(2):264-266 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256234
Abstract:： Cutibacterium avidum (C. avidum) is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to Corynebacterium cutis, which mainly exists on the surface of human skin and rarely causes invasive infect...Cutibacterium avidum (C. avidum) is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to Corynebacterium cutis, which mainly exists on the surface of human skin and rarely causes invasive infection of superficial or deep skin. At present, there is no unified expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of C. avidum. This paper reports a patient with epidermoid cyst caused by C. avidum who recovered and was discharged after neurosurgical resection of superficial mass and antimicrobial treatment, aiming to enhance the clinical recognition on C. avidum infection and provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Show
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Research progress on infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria
• WU Linping, WANG Lin, CHEN Liyuan, SONG Liqiao, MA Xuexia, WANG Yuanming, SU Shaochen
•2025,24(2):267-272 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256615
Abstract:： The HACEK group microorganisms (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae) belong to Gram-negati...The HACEK group microorganisms (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae) belong to Gram-negative bacilli and are members of the normal oropharyngeal microbiota, which can cause invasive opportunistic infection when the host immune barrier is damaged, with infective endocarditis being one of the most serious diseases. HACEK endocarditis is characterized by an insidious course, prolonged delay of diagnosis, and dependence on third-generation cephalosporins for treatment. In recent years, with the emergence and development of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing technique, the rapid diagnosis of this disease is expected to be achieved. This paper summarizes the main clinical characteristics and research progress of infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Show
KeyWord：HACEK group microorganisms;infective endocarditis;diagnosis and treatment
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Research progress on the role of G-protein-coupled receptors in T lymphocyte immunomodulation
• CHANG Chunyan, WANG Yilin, PANG Yu, GAO Mengqiu
•2025,24(2):273-281 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20256437
Abstract:： G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a type of superfamily of transmembrane receptors, involved in multiple signaling pathways, and playing an important role in physiological pr...G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a type of superfamily of transmembrane receptors, involved in multiple signaling pathways, and playing an important role in physiological processes such as cell migration and metabolism. T lymphocytes are important immune cells that participate in the inflammatory process and play an important role cellular immunity. To date, multiple GPCRs have been found to be expressed in T lymphocytes and participate in T cell immunomodulatory processes. This paper reviews the role of GPCRs in T lymphocyte immunomodulation. Show
KeyWord：G-protein-coupled receptors;T lymphocytes;immunity;tuberculosis
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National action plan for health adaptation to climate change（2024-2030）
• National Disease Control, Prevention Administration, National Development, Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China
•2025,24(2):282-283 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20257378
Abstract:： Show
KeyWord：climatechange;health;health adaptation;healthy China
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Public health adaptation to climate change: action guidelines
• Department of Health, Immunization Planning, National Disease Control, Prevention Administration
•2025,24(2):284-289 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20257377
Abstract:： Show
KeyWord：climate change;health;healthy China;action guideline
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Influenza diagnosis and treatment protocol（2025 Edition）
• Department of General Administration, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, General Department, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
•2025,24(2):290-294 ,Doi: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20257379
Abstract:： Show
KeyWord：influenza;influenza virus;acute respiratory infectious disease;diagnosis and treatment protocol
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