Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and reproductive tract infection in China. Methods Literatures related to GDM and reproductive tract infection published from database establishment to May 23, 2023 were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP database, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. After independent screening, data extraction and quality assessment of the included lite-ratures by 2 researchers, a Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of 23 studies were included, involving 4 575 GDM women and 18 540 non-GDM women. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of reproductive tract infection in pregnant women with GDM was 3.28 times higher than that in non-GDM pregnant women (95% CI: 2.29-4.69, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that GDM was a risk factor for reproductive tract infection regardless of different study types, publication years, and adjustment for confounding factors (all P < 0.05). For different economic regions, the combined effects in the eastern and central regions showed that GDM was a risk factor for reproductive tract infection (P < 0.05), while in the western and northeast regions, it could not be identified whether GDM was a risk factor for reproductive tract infection (P > 0.05). Conclusion GDM increases the risk of reproductive tract infection, making it an important risk factor for reproductive tract infection.