Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients after transurethral prostate resection. Methods Prospective and retrospective studies on UTI in patients after transurethral prostate resection published from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2020 were searched from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Know-ledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang database. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality of literatures was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), Meta-analysis was performed by Stata14.0 software. Results A total of 15 studies with 2 707 cases were included in analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that age (OR=1.93, 95%CI[1.24-3.00], P=0.003), diabetes (OR=2.83, 95%CI[2.34-3.44], P < 0.001), operation time (OR=3.22, 95%CI[1.39-7.44], P=0.006), pre-operative antimicrobial use (OR=2.14, 95%CI[1.12-4.12], P=0.022), pre-operative urinary catheterization (OR=4.06, 95%CI[2.81-5.85], P < 0.001), post-operative indwelling urinary cathe-terization time (OR=4.08, 95%CI[3.34-4.99], P < 0.001), the initial experience of surgeons (OR=2.17, 95%CI[1.69-2.77], P < 0.001), general routine nursing intervention (OR=2.66, 95%CI[1.31-5.42], P=0.007), disconnection of closed urinary drainage system (OR=24.17, 95%CI[8.28-70.62], P < 0.001) were risk factors for UTI after transurethral prostate resection. Conclusion There are multiple risk factors for UTI after transurethral prostate resection, health care workers should pay attention to the pre-operative evaluation of patients, strengthen the management of high-risk population; doctors should improve the technical level, pay attention to the control of operation time; post-operative nursing staff should pay attention to the indications of urinary catheter indwelling, and conduct effective nursing intervention to prevent and control the occurrence of UTI.