Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, infectious complications and prognosis of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Methods Basic data, clinicopathological data, laboratory examination, as well as treatment and prognosis of newly diagnosed EGPA patients in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to positive and negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), well as infection occurrence during treatment process, patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group, differences between two groups were compared. EGPA patients were followed up to evaluate the treatment response and survival status. Results Among 25 patients, 12 cases (48.0%) had allergic rhinitis and asthma, 15 (60.0%) had fever and/or muscle pain, 17 (68.0%) had nervous system involvement, and 17 (68.0%) had renal involvement. ANCA was positive in 8 patients (32.0%),incidence of fever and muscle pain in ANCA positive group was higher, but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). 15 patients had infection, among which 11 cases were lung involvement. Pathogens were isolated from sputum culture of 5 patients with pulmonary infection, predominantly were bacteria. Compared with patients in non-infection group, patients in infection group had higher levels of serum globulin when EGPA was diagnosed (P<0.05). One EGPA patients didn't receive immunosuppressive therapy, 1 received simple immunosuppressive therapy, 7 received simple glucocorticoid therapy, and 16 (64%) received glucocorticoid combined immunosuppressive therapy, 3 of whom received plasma exchange and 1 received gamma-globulin therapy. During the follow-up, 10 cases were lost to follow-up, the median follow-up time of the other 15 cases was 35 (9-70.5) months, all of them survived up to the last follow-up, 6 cases (24.0%) still had asthma symptom, and 12 cases (48.0%) still needed oral glucocorticoid therapy. Conclusion Clinical manifestations of EGPA are complex and diverse, involving multiple organs and systems of the whole body, incidence of infection is high during the treatment process, the most common lesion site is lung, bacteria is the main pathogen.