Abstract:ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical characteristics of infectious aneurysms caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and reduce the misdiagnosis rate and mortality.MethodsThree cases of infectious aneurysms caused by B. pseudomallei and confirmed in Hainan General Hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were collected, case reports of infectious aneurysms caused by B. pseudomallei at home and abroad from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved, clinical characteristics of all above cases were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 23 patients were enrolled, male patients accounted for 95.7%, with an average age of （62.2±5.8） years, hypertension and diabetes were the main complications, both accounting for 39.1%, abdominal aorta (65.2%) was the main lesion segment of aneurysm, followed by thoracic aorta (17.4%) and aortic arch (13.0%), 21 patients (91.3%) underwent surgical treatment, with a mortality of 21.7%.ConclusionMortality of infectious aneurysms caused by B. pseudomallei is high, middleaged and elderly men with hypertension and diabetes are at high risk, the main lesion segment is abdominal aorta. Early empiric antiinfective treatment should be paid attention to B. pseudomallei, once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed on the basis of active antiinfective treatment.