Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features of melioidosis， explore its diagnosis and treatment methods. Methods35 patients who were with pathogenic evidence of melioidosis and admitted in a hospital between March 2012 and February 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsOf 35 patients at admission, 2 (5.7%) were with confirmed culture result of melioidosis in the other hospitals, 3 (8.6%) highly suspected patients had relatively typical clinical features, 30 (85.7%) were misdiagnosed, suspected patients were all confirmed melioidosis through the cultured result of Burkholderia pseudomallei from all kinds of specimens. Through treatment of antiinfection, surgical drainage (11.4%) and operation (20.0%), 26 cases (74.3%) were improved or recovered, 2 (5.7%) abandoned treatment, and 7 (20.0%) died. The most common initial symptom was fever (88.6%), followed by cough（34.3%）, shortness of breath（28.6%）, abdominal pain (14.6%), extremity pain (11.4%), and joint pain (5.7%); the top five infection sites were blood (85.7%), lung (54.3%), spleen (20.0%), skin and soft tissue (20.0%), and liver (14.3%); 85.7% of Burkholderia pseudomallei were isolated from blood culture, 37.1% and 20.0% were isolated from all kinds of puncture fluid and sputum respectively. ConclusionClinical features of melioidosis are diverse, misdiagnosis rate is high. Early, timely, rational, and enough treatment course can reduce the mortality and recurrence rate of melioidosis.