Abstract:［Abstract］ObjectiveTo investigate anorectal infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among men who have sex with men (MSM) with anorectal condyloma acuminatum(CA), and provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of anorectal CA.MethodsAnorectal swabs were obtained from MSM who were diagnosed with anorectal CA(trial group) and without CA(control group), nucleic acid fragments of NG and CT were detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data about social demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of investigated people were collected, compared and analyzed.ResultsA total of 158 patients were enrolled in this study, 63 were in trial group and 95 in control group. Among 63 patients in trial group, infection rate of NG and CT were 17.46% and 28.57% respectively, coinfection rate of NG and CT was 12.70%；in control group, infection rate of NG and CT were 6.32 % and 9.47 % respectively, coinfection rate of NG and CT was 2.16%；infection rate of NG and CT, as well as coinfection rate of NG and CT in trial group were all significantly higher than control group(all P<0.05).ConclusionInfection rate of NG and CT is high in MSM with anorectal CA，suggesting that more attention should be paid to the screening of NG, CT and other sexually transmitted infection among those who were clinically diagnosed with anorectal CA.