Abstract:ObjectiveTo understand clinical characteristics of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis (PPC), so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsClinical data of 32 patients who were confirmed PPC by pathological diagnosis in a hospital from January 2008 to June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll 32 cases were communityacquired infection , 26 male and 6 female (age between 17 and 62 years old, the average age was （35.53 ± 11.29）. Among 32 patients, 8 had underlying diseases, 2 were parturients, 4 were carpenters, 5 were pigeon keepers,3 were seafood transport drivers, and 10 lived in humid environment. Imaging findings：Solitary or multiple nodules and cluster shape(n=21），lobar consolidation(n=2），diffuse patchy shadow on bilateral lung (n=5），pulmonary cavity(n=3），and diffuse and mixed lesions (n=1）. Pathological confirmation: diagnosis through percutaneous lung biopsy(n=23），thoracoscopic surgery(n=7），and thoracotomy(n=2）. Prognosis: 30 were cured，and 2 had marked effect. ConclusionPPC is commonly occurs in young and middleaged immunocompetent persons, the onset is occult, clinical manifestations and imaging features lack specificity, can be easily misdiagnosed or omitted diagnosis, diagnosis is difficult, lack rapid diagnostic method in clinical practice, invasive pathological biopsy can be used as the basis of diagnosis; there is a controversy on therapy, adverse reaction of fluconazol is mild, and has good therapeutic effect.