Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of health care workers’(HCWs) hand hygiene intervention in healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in an intensive care unit(ICU).MethodsIntervention measures of hand hygiene were adopted, effective supervision and management systems were established, hand hygiene compliance and HAI rate before intervention(JanuaryDecember 2012) and after intervention (the first stage: JanuaryJune 2013; the second stage: JulyDecember 2013）were compared. ResultsA total of 4 066 patients were surveyed, HCWs’ hand hygiene compliance rate before intervention was 50.03%, the first and second stage after intervention was 61.80% and 64.57% respectively, there was increasing trend （rs=1.00, P<0.001）.HAI before intervention was 5.48%, the first and second stage after intervention was 3.86% and 3.30% respectively, there was decreasing trend （rs=-1.00, P<0.001）. Significant decreasing trends were found in rates of catheterrelated bloodstream infection(CRBSI), catheterassociated urinary tract infection(CAUTI) and ventilatorassociated pneumonia(VAP) (rs=-1.00, P<0.001). There were negative correlations between hand hygiene compliance rate and the infection rate of ICU, infection rate of CRBSI,CAUTI and VAP (P<0.05).ConclusionThe improvement of hand hygiene compliance can effectively reduce the incidence of HAI in ICU ward.