Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, pathogen species, and antimicrobial resistance of bacillary dysentery in children in recent three years.MethodsClinical data of 175 children with bacillary dysentery in a hospital in 20102012 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsPeaks month of occurrence of bacterial dysentery in children was in JulySeptember (74.86%), incidence in children in 1-3 years old group (1 year old was excluded, 3 years old was included) was 23.43%, and in 3-5 years old group (3 years old was excluded, 5 years old was included) was 25.14%. The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea （100%）, paroxysmal abdominal pain(94.29%),and fever (77.14%), but the typical symptoms of bloody purulent stool and tenesmus were less than the previous. The isolation rate of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei was 64.57% (n=113) and 35.43% (n=62) respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test result revealed that the resistance rate of 175 Shigella isolates to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and compound sulfamethoxazole was 97.14%, 72.57%, and 78.29% respectively; sensitivity rate to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin were still high , resistance rates were 4.57%-16.57%, sensitivity rate to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were up to more than 95%. ConclusionAtyptical bacillary dysentery in children increases gradually; the major Shigella in local area is Shigella flexneri; Susceptibility of Shigella to some antimicrobial agents changed obviously, antimicrobial use should be paid attention.