Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between the pathogen distribution and nationalities as well as classification of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and cholesteatoma in Xinjiang region.MethodsMiddle ear secretion were collected from 151 inpatients and outpatients with otitis media, and all samples were performed microbial culture as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the isolation rates and types of microbials were gained and analyzed.ResultsAmong 164 ears, 58（35.37%） and 106（64.63%）were cholesteatoma and CSOM respectively; the major pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（37.04%）, Proteus spp.（21.30%）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa（17.59%） and coagulasenegative staphylococci（14.81%）.The isolation rate of pathogens in different nationalities was varied, the top isolated pathogen from Weiwuer nationality was Staphylococcus aureus (40.79%), the next was Proteus spp.(25.00%); all kinds of pathogens were isolated from Han nationality; the major pathogen isolated from Hasake nationality was Staphylococcus aureus (35.30%),but only 5.88% Proteus spp. was isolated, no fungus was isolated (0.00%). The distribution of Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp.， Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coagulasenegative staphylococci was not significantly different among different nationalities（P>0.05）；isolation rate of fungi from patients with cholesteatoma was significantly higher than that from patients with CSOM (18.96% vs 0.00%,χ2=20.812，P<0.01); isolation rate of other pathogens from patients with cholesteatoma was significantly lower than that from patients with CSOM (15.52% vs 43.40%,χ2=13.072，P<0.01).ConclusionIsolation rates and species of pathogens, as well as types of otitis media in patients of different nationalities in Xinjiang is different from the other area of China and other countries,fungal infection is commonly found in cholesteatoma.