Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the drug resistance of three common nonfermentative bacterial healthcareassociated lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in an intensive care unit（ICU）, and risk factors of multidrug resistant (MDR) nonfermentative bacterial infection.MethodsDistribution and drug resistance of 182 nonfermentative isolates causing LRT in ICU patients from January， 2009 to December, 2010 were analyzed; risk factors for 91 cases infected with MDR nonfermentative bacteria were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe three most common nonfermentative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.36%,79/191), Acinetobacter baumannii (40.32%,77/191)， and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (13.62%,26/191); drugresistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides were up to above 80%; drugresistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem was above 35%, to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was up to more than 70%; drugresistant rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole increased from 7.14% in 2009 to 66.67% in 2010(χ2=7.66,P=0.00), resistant rate to minocycline was 8.33%. Duration of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) >2 weeks(OR=4.53, P=0.03), drug combination use >72 hours (OR=3.51, P=0.03) were independent risk factors for MDR nonfermentative bacterial healthcareassociated LRT infection (OR=3.51, P=0.03).ConclusionNonfermentative bacteria is the important pathogen in healthcareassociated LRT infection in ICU, with high rate of drug resistance. It is important to prevent MDR nonfermentative bacterial LRT infection by strict limitation on the indication of ICU admission, proper measures according to risk factors, and strict control of antimicrobial agents.