Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of AIDS patients with deep fungal infection in Changsha.MethodsClinical data of 480 cases of AIDS treated in a hospital between April 2003 and December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOf 480 AIDS cases,58(12.08%) had complications of deep fungal infection. The main clinical characteristics of these patients were:fever, cough(dry cough without sputum or less sputum), abdominal pain, diarrhea(watery diarrhea),skin lesion(papular eruption,exanthema haemorrhagicum,ecchymosis), pathogenic leanness, disturbance of consciousness, anemia,hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenectasis .The major pathogens were Penicillium marneffei （27 cases，46.55%）, followed by Cryptococcus neoformans (16 cases, 27.59%, cryptococcal meningitis). All 58 patients were treated with amphotericin B, fluconazole,and flucytosin based on drug susceptibility testing result, 50 (86.21%) patients were cured after treatment.ConclusionThe incidence of deep fungal infection in AIDS patients are high. The key to the improvement of prognosis are early diagnosis, timely and effective antifungal treatment and highly active antiretroviral therapy.