新型冠状病毒感染对阿尔茨海默病影响的研究进展

Research progress in the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Alzheimer’s disease

摘要:

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2,新型冠状病毒)感染的全球发病率和病死率正逐渐降低,但老年人的死亡风险仍高于一般人群,特别是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者将面临更大风险。AD是一种缓慢进展的神经系统退行性疾病,是痴呆最常见的类型,其神经病理学特征包括β淀粉样蛋白的过度生成与清除失衡,以及过度磷酸化的tau蛋白导致神经原纤维缠结等。AD患者更容易感染新型冠状病毒,同样,该病毒也可能导致其感染者出现AD。新型冠状病毒感染机体后,通过引起免疫反应、炎症反应、细胞衰老、DNA损伤反应、自噬失调、脉络丛稳态紊乱、肾素-血管紧张素系统过度激活及氧化应激等对AD产生影响。本文主要就新型冠状病毒感染对AD影响的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

The global morbidity and mortality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are gradually decreasing, but the elderly people are still at higher risk of death than the general population, especially for those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) . AD is a slowly progressing degenerative disease of the nervous system, and is the most common type of dementia. Its neuropathological features include overproduction and clea-rance imbalance of amyloid β-protein and overphosphorylated tau protein leading to neurofibrillary tangle. People with AD are more susceptible to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, likewise, the virus can also cause AD in those who are infected. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, it affects AD through immune response, inflammatory response, cell aging, DNA damage reaction, autophagy disorder, choroidal homeostasis disorder, over-activation of renin-angiotensin system, and oxidative stress. This article mainly reviews the research progress in the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on AD.