奥密克戎毒株感染患者长新冠发病率的Meta分析

Meta-analysis on the incidence of long COVID in Omicron-infected patients

摘要:

目的探讨新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株感染患者长期新型冠状病毒感染症状(长新冠)发病率。方法按照文献纳入与排除标准,使用相关检索词分别检索中英文数据库中截至2024年发表的无语言限制的研究。中文检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普期刊网数据库,外文检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science数据库,采用三步法筛选纳入文献,应用Stata 17.0软件分析。结果新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株感染患者至少出现一种后遗症的发病率为29.62%;最常见的症状包括疲劳(19.10%)、关节或肌肉疼痛(11.06%)、记忆力减退(9.71%)、脑雾(8.80%)、咳嗽(8.42%)、头痛(7.26%)和咽喉痛(6.68%)。亚组分析结果显示,随着随访时间延长(3个月VS 6个月),嗅觉或味觉改变的发病率明显降低(7.22% VS 0.78%);女性占比(＜50% VS 50%~65% VS ＞65%)越高,关节或肌肉疼痛发病率越高(1.09% VS 4.62% VS 19.53%);中位年龄(≥45岁VS ＜45岁)越大,胸痛或胸闷发病率(0.90% VS 3.86%)越高,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。结论奥密克戎毒株感染患者长新冠发病率较高,可引起各种症状,随访时间、中位年龄和性别占比对一些症状的发病率有明显的影响。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the incidence of long COVID symptoms in patients infected with Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of literatures, relevant studies without language restrictions published up to 2024 were retrieved from both Chinese and English databases. The Chinese databases were China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP databases, and the foreign databases were PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Three-step screening was used to select literatures, and Stata 17.0 software was used for analysis. Results The incidence of at least one sequelae in patients infected with Omicron variant was 29.62%. The most common symptoms included fatigue (19.10%), joint or muscle pain (11.06%), memory loss (9.71%), brain fog (8.80%), cough (8.42%), headache (7.26%), and sore throat (6.68%). Subgroup analysis results showed that with the extension of follow-up (3 months vs 6 months), the incidence of smell or taste changes was significantly reduced (7.22% vs 0.78%). The higher the proportion of women (<50% vs 50%-65% vs ＞65%), the higher the incidence of joint or muscle pain (1.09% vs 4.62% vs 19.53%); the greater the median age (≥45 years vs ＜45 years), the higher the incidence of chest pain or chest distress (0.90% vs 3.86%), all with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion Incidence of long COVID in Omicron -infected patients is high and can cause various symptoms. Follow-up time, median age and gender proportion have significant impacts on the incidence of some symptoms.