重症监护病房患者耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌肠道定植的病原学及危险因素

Pathogenicity and risk factors for intestinal colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in patients from intensive care unit

摘要:

目的分析重症监护病房(ICU)患者发生肠道耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌(CRE)定植的危险因素和病原学特点。方法将常州某三级医院2023年3—12月进行肠道CRE筛查的392例ICU患者按筛查结果分为定植组(n=42)和非定植组(n=350),收集患者的年龄、性别、基础疾病、恶性肿瘤、放射治疗、化学治疗、最后一次筛查前感染、抗菌药物使用及侵入性操作等临床资料,进行危险因素和病原学分析。结果 42例CRE筛查阳性患者检出CRE 44株,其中主要为肺炎克雷伯菌(占65.91%),其次为大肠埃希菌(15.91%)、阴沟肠杆菌(13.64%);定植组患者从入ICU到肠道CRE筛查阳性的平均时间为14 d;长期使用碳青霉烯类抗生素(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.31~1.65),机械通气(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.06~1.22),存在肠杆菌目细菌感染(OR=10.10,95%CI:3.28~32.09)是肠道CRE定植的独立危险因素。碳青霉烯类抗生素使用≥15 d (χ²=167.52,P＜0.001)和机械通气≥15 d (χ²=101.03,P＜0.001)的患者肠道CRE定植风险更高。结论临床应提高病原学送检,及时进行抗肠杆菌目细菌感染治疗;慎重选择碳青霉烯类抗生素,缩短疗程;并积极评估机械通气指征,及时撤机。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze risk factors and pathogenic characteristics of intestinal colonization of carbape-nem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in patients from intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A total of 392 ICU patients who underwent intestinal CRE screening in a tertiary hospital in Changzhou from March to December, 2023 were divided into the colonization group (n=42) and the non-colonization group (n=350) according to the screening results. Clinical data of patients, including age, gender, underlying diseases, malignant tumors, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, infection before the last screening, antimicrobial use, and invasive procedures were collected for the analysis on risk factors and pathogenicity. Results Among 42 patients with positive CRE screening results, 44 CRE strains were detected, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (65.91%), followed by Escherichia coli (15.91%) and Enterobacter cloacae (13.64%). The average time from admission in ICU to positive screening results of intestinal CRE in the colonization group was 14 days. Long term use of carbapenem antibiotics (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.31-1.65), mechanical ventilation (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.06-1.22), and Enterobacterales infection (OR=10.10, 95%CI: 3.28-32.09) were independent risk factors for intestinal CRE colonization. Patients who received carbapenem antibiotics for ≥15 days (χ²=167.52, P＜0.001) and those who received mechanical ventilation for ≥15 days (χ²=101.03, P＜0.001) had higher risks for intestinal CRE colonization. Conclusion In clinical practice, it is necessary to improve pathogen detection, treat Enterobacterales infection timely, choose carbapenem antibiotics carefully, shorten treatment course, actively evaluate indications for mechanical ventilation, and wean off ventilator timely.