SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白与宿主细胞相互作用的相关受体研究进展

Research advances in receptors related to interaction between SARS-CoV-2 S protein and host cells

摘要:

自2019年底新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染暴发以来,对其的研究成为热点。冠状病毒感染趋向性主要取决于刺突蛋白(spike protein,S蛋白)与细胞表面受体结合的能力,而S蛋白及其受体结合域(S-RBD)不仅在病毒与宿主细胞结合及病毒进入细胞中起着关键作用,还可以与宿主细胞表面受体如血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)、Toll样受体(TLRs)、分化集群(CD)147、神经纤毛蛋白-1(NRP-1)等结合并激活不同的信号通路,从而促进病毒入侵宿主细胞及引发炎症等一系列致病进程。因此,研究S蛋白与宿主细胞相互作用的相关受体具有重要意义。本文综述S蛋白与宿主细胞相互作用的相关受体,以期为新型冠状病毒感染的防治提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at the end of 2019, its global research has become a hot spot. The tendency of coronavirus infection mainly depends on the ability of spike protein (S protein) binding to receptors on the cell surface. S protein and its receptor binding domain (S-RBD) not only play a key role in the binding of virus to host cells and the entry of virus into cells, they can also bind to host cell surface receptors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Toll-like receptor (TLRs), cluster of differentiation (CD)147, and neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), activating different signaling pathways, thus promoting virus to invade host cells and trigger a series of pathogenic processes such as inflammation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study receptors involving in the interaction between S protein and host cells. This article reviews the receptors related to the interaction between S protein and host cells, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.