保定市156所学校入学新生结核病筛查情况

Screening of tuberculosis among freshmen in 156 schools in Baoding City

摘要:

目的 了解保定市不同学校入学新生结核病筛查及患病情况, 为学校结核病控制工作提供参考。 方法 收集2021年9月—2022年3月保定市不同地区156所学校入学新生结核病及结核菌素(PPD)试验筛查资料, 分析、比较不同地区和不同教育阶段学生PPD筛查结果。 结果 共调查156所学校68 177名入学新生肺结核疑似症状及密切接触史, 对63 939名学生进行PPD试验筛查。其中, PPD试验阳性学生13 821人, 阳性率21.62%;强阳性学生3 083人, 强阳性率4.82%;发现结核病病例15例, 报告发病率为23.46/10万。不同教育阶段学生PPD试验阳性率、强阳性率及结核病发病率比较, 差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01), 不同教育阶段学生阳性率和强阳性率均呈上升趋势(均P＜0.01)。平原区与山区学校学生PPD试验阳性率(22.28% VS 17.89%)和强阳性率(4.85% VS 3.62%)比较, 差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01)。寄宿制初中与非寄宿制初中PPD试验阳性率(23.94% VS 21.60%)和强阳性率(5.07% VS 3.56%)比较, 差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01)。 结论 应加强初中年级及以上新生的结核病筛查和健康教育, 尤其是平原地区寄宿制学校, 及早发现潜伏的结核分枝杆菌感染者, 并采取相应措施, 预防和控制结核病的传播, 降低结核病发病风险。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the screening and prevalence of tuberculosis among freshmen in different schools in Baoding City, and provide reference for tuberculosis control in schools. Methods Screening data of tuberculosis and tuberculin test (PPD) of freshmen from 156 schools in different regions of Baoding City from September 2021 to March 2022 were collected. PPD screening results of students from different regions and different school stages were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 68 177 freshmen from 156 schools were investigated for suspected symptoms and close contact history of pulmonary tuberculosis. PPD screening was conducted on 63 939 students. 13 821 students were PPD positive, with a positive rate of 21.62%. 3 083 students were strongly positive, with a strong positive rate of 4.82%. 15 cases of tuberculosis were found, and the reported incidence was 23.46/100 000. PPD positive rate and strong positive rate as well as incidence of tuberculosis in students in different school stages presented statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01). Positive rate and strong positive rate in students in different school stages showed upward trends (all P < 0.01). PPD positive rate and strong positive rate of students from schools in plain and mountainous areas presented statistically significant differences ([22.28% vs 17.89%]; [4.85% vs 3.62%], both P < 0.01). PPD positive rate and strong positive rate between students from boarding junior school and non-boarding junior school were significantly different, respectively ([23.94% vs 21.60%]; [5.07% vs 3.56%], both P < 0.01). Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen tuberculosis screening and health education for freshmen, especially those from boarding schools in plain areas, screening latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as early as possible, take corresponding measures to prevent and control the spread of tuberculosis, and reduce the risk of tuberculosis.