造血干细胞移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎的现状与进展

Current status and advances of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

摘要:

巨细胞病毒(CMV)肺炎是常见的造血干细胞移植并发症之一, 也是导致患者死亡的重要原因。因CMV肺炎预后高度不良, 需行必要的干预手段以防止CMV再激活进展至CMV肺炎。目前临床上主要依据抢先治疗策略用药, 其用药时机取决于早期诊断的时效性, 而CMV肺炎的早期诊断在临床上现有可行方法学及手段较为有限, 诊断金标准的操作具有一定创伤性和侵入性, 且检出时效较差。本综述总结造血干细胞移植术后CMV肺炎的诊断及药物预防治疗的临床现状与进展, 探究未来可能的发展方向与趋势。

Abstract:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is one of the common complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is also a significant cause leading to patient death. Due to the poor prognosis of CMV pneumonia, intervention measures are necessary to prevent CMV reactivation and progress to CMV pneumonia. At present, clinical medication mainly relies on preemptive treatment strategies, and the timing of medication depends on the timeliness of early diagnosis. However, feasible methodology and measures for the early diagnosis of CMV pneumonia in clinical practice are relatively limited. Meanwhile the diagnostic gold standard operation is invasive, causing trauma to a certain degree, and the detection timeliness is poor. This review summarizes the clinical status and advances in the diagnosis and drug prophylactic treatment of CMV pneumonia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and explores possible development directions and trends in the future.