基于塔巴模式的医院感染预防与控制课程设计研究——来自10所院校师生的数据分析

Healthcare -associated infection prevention and control course design based on Taba Model——data from teachers and students in 10 universities

摘要:

目的 调查医院感染预防与控制课程设计中医学生的教育需求及教师的课程设计建议。 方法 采用问卷调查全国5个地区10所医学院校师生的医院感染预防与控制教育需求和课程设计意见，参考塔巴目标模式课程设计步骤，论证课程设计方案。 结果 584名学生中，仅11.8%(69名)的学生认为当前医院感染预防与控制教育能完全满足其需求，需求得分居前四位的为手卫生、消毒灭菌隔离、医院感染概论和职业防护。352名教师中，72.7%(256名)建议设必修课；86.4%(304名)选择总学时8~24学时，12.5%(44名)选择24学时以上，被调查教师建议10个章节学时平均总和为19.5；需重点掌握13项、熟悉9项知识和技能；86.4%(304名)教师建议理论与见习学时比为1 ∶0.5及以上；53.4%(188名)教师建议采取理论大课+小组见习(含技能操作)+线上学习的形式；63.7%(224名)教师建议师资团队由医院感染管理科+感染病科+护理部教师共同组成。 结论 当前医学生的医院感染预防与控制教育远未完全满足需求，单独开课很有必要，建议设置16~24学时必修课，理论联系实践，多学科师资实施多元化教学，按照必修课考核。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the medical students' education needs and teachers' suggestion on course design of healthcare -associated infection (HAI) prevention and control. Methods Medical students' and teachers' education needs and opinions on course design of HAI prevention and control in 10 medical universities in 5 regions of China was conducted questionnaire survey, the course design scheme was demonstrated by referring to course design steps of Taba curriculum model. Results Among 584 students, only 11.8% (n=69) believed that the current education on HAI prevention and control could fully meet their needs, and the top four in demand scores were hand hygiene, disinfection and sterilization isolation, as well as introduction to HAI and occupational protection. Among 352 teachers, 72.7% (n=256) suggested setting up compulsory courses; 86.4% (n=304) chose 8-24 class hours in total, 12.5% (n=44) chose more than 24 class hours, the surveyed teachers suggested that the average total class hours of 10 chapters be 19.5; it is required to master 13 items and be familiar with 9 items of knowledge and skills; 86.4% (n=304) of teachers suggested that the ratio of theoretical and probation hours should be 1 ∶0.5 or more; 53.4% (n=188) of teachers suggested taking the form of theoretical courses+group probation (including skill manipulation)+online learning; 63.7% (n=224) of teachers suggested that the teaching team should be composed of teachers from HAI management department+infectious diseases department+nursing department. Conclusion At present, education of HAI prevention and control for medical students is far from fully meeting the needs, so it is necessary to have independent courses, it is suggested to set up 16-24 class hours of compulsory courses, integrate theory with practice, implement diversified teaching for multidisciplinary teachers, and assess according to the compulsory courses.