不同种类口罩防血液穿透性能研究

Research on anti-blood penetration performance of different types of masks

摘要:

目的 探究不同种类口罩防血液穿透性能的差异，研究口罩形状对血液穿透的影响，评估口罩的防血液穿透性能。 方法 选择三种类型口罩：医用防护口罩(折叠式)、KN95口罩(拱形)、一次性医用外科口罩(平面)，对口罩表面拒水层进行测试，通过高速摄影分析血液喷射与流动的形态轨迹，计算不同条件(压力、距离、时间)下口罩表面血液面积。 结果 口罩表面均具有疏水性(接触角>130°)。标准条件下(120 mmHg, 30 cm)，医用防护口罩(折叠式)、KN95口罩(拱形)、一次性医用外科口罩(平面)血液附着面积分别为1.79、2.53、4.72 cm²；高压条件下(160 mmHg, 30 cm)，血液附着面积均上升；短距离条件下(120 mmHg, 15 cm)，医用防护口罩(折叠式)、KN95口罩(拱形)表面血液面积减少，一次性医用外科口罩(平面)血液面积变大；长时间的高压喷射下(60 s，160 mmHg)，KN95口罩(拱形)内层出现血液穿透现象。 结论 三种口罩合成血液穿透性能均达到国内外最高等级标准。KN95口罩(拱形)排液能力与阻隔性能表现最优，其次为医用防护口罩(折叠式)，但在极限条件下KN95口罩(拱形)因出现血液渗透而失效。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the differences in anti-blood penetration performance of different types of masks, study the influence of mask shape on blood penetration, and evaluate anti-blood penetration performance of masks. Methods Three types of masks were selected: medical protective masks (folded), KN95 masks (arched), and disposable surgical masks (flat), the surfaces of water repellent layer of masks were tested, morphological tracks of blood ejection and flow were observed by high-speed photography, and blood areas on the surface of masks under different conditions (pressure, distance, time) were calculated. Results The surfaces of masks were all hydrophobic (contact angle >130 °). Under standard conditions (120 mmHg, 30 cm), blood adhesion areas of medical protective masks (folded), KN95 masks (arched), and disposable surgical masks (flat) were 1.79, 2.53 and 4.72 cm² respectively; under high pressure conditions (160 mmHg, 30 cm), blood adhesion area increased; under short distance conditions (120 mmHg, 15 cm), blood adhesion areas of medical protective masks (folded) and KN95 masks (arched) decreased, while disposable surgical masks (flat) increased; under high pressure ejection (60 seconds, 160 mmHg), the inner layer of KN95 mask (arched) appeared blood penetration. Conclusion Blood penetration performance of three types of masks all meet the highest standards at home and abroad. KN95 mask (arched) has the best liquid discharge and barrier performance, followed by medical protective masks (folded), however, under extreme conditions, KN95 mask (arched) failed due to blood penetration.