海南地区2013-2017年无偿献血者HIV感染情况调查

Infection status of human immunodeficiency virus among voluntary blood donors in Hainan area in 2013-2017

摘要:

目的 了解海南地区无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染情况，为优化献血者招募和强化血液安全管理提供决策依据。方法 对2013—2017年海南地区无偿献血者血液筛查标本进行HIV项目常规检测，对其中HIV确认阳性者资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果 共检测无偿献血者470 975例次，HIV确认阳性103例，阳性率为0.22‰。不同年份、地域的献血者HIV确认阳性率比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。103例HIV阳性确认者中以18~30岁组居多（65例，占63.11%），阳性率为0.33‰。不同年龄段无偿献血者HIV阳性率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ²=22.379，P<0.001）。HIV阳性确认者中男性95例，女性8例，男性献血者HIV确认阳性率（0.29‰）高于女性（0.06‰），差异有统计学意义（χ²=23.003，P<0.001）。HIV确认阳性者的职业类型主要为职工（20例，占19.42%），其次为学生（16例，占15.53%）及无业人员（6例，占5.83%）。结论 海南地区无偿献血者中HIV感染形势依然严峻，应通过加强献血前干预、采用更先进的检测技术以及建立联网数据库等多种措施来保障血液安全。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among voluntary blood donors(VBDs) in Hainan area, provide evidence-based references for optimizing the recruitment of blood donation and strengthen management of blood safety. Methods Routine HIV test was carried out on blood screening specimens of VBDs in Hainan area from 2013 to 2017, and data of HIV positive donors were analyzed retrospectively. Results A totla of 470 975 VBDs were detected, of which 103(0.22‰) were confirmed HIV positive. There was no significant difference in HIV positive rate among VBDs in different years and regions (both P>0.05). Among 103 confirmed HIV positive VBDs, 65 (63.11%) were in 18-30 year-old group, with a positive rate of 0.33‰. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of HIV among VBDs of different age groups (χ²=22.379,P<0.001). Among 95 confirmed HIV positive VBDs, 95 were male and 8 were female, positive rate of HIV in male blood donors was higher than female (0.29% vs 0.06‰, χ²=23.003,P<0.001). The main occupation types of HIV positive persons were employees (n=20, 19.42%), followed by students (n=16, 15.53%) and unemployed persons(n=6, 5.83%). Conclusion HIV infection among voluntary blood donors in Hainan area is still serious, to ensure blood safety, multiple measures should be taken, including the intervention before blood donation, taking more advanced detection technology and establishing internet database.