一起挪威疥疮医院感染暴发的调查与防控

Investigation, prevention and control of a healthcareassociated infection outbreak due to Norwegian scabies

摘要:

目的了解某院一起挪威疥疮医院感染暴发的流行病学特点，为临床预防和控制医院感染提供依据。 方法采用现场流行病学调查方法，对全部可疑感染者和密切接触者进行调查并追踪，描述患者三间分布，制定并落实一系列有效的综合防控措施。结果2015年11月3—16日共有16例人员发生挪威疥疮感染，发病例数最多的时间为11月11日（5例），发病时间集中在11月9—11日，共10例，占发病总数的62.50%。 16例病例空间分布：综合内科12例、护理部2例、员工家庭2例。人群分布：主要为50~59岁患者（7例）、女性（13例）、护理人员（9例）。 采取综合防控措施、使用药物治疗后，16例病例均痊愈，治愈率为100%。病区内和医院内无新发病例出现，疫情得到控制。结论挪威疥疮具有高度接触传染性，可在局部地区造成流行。为避免疥疮在医院内感染蔓延、扩散，医务人员需加强对该病的诊断及防护水平。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of a healthcareassociated infection（HAI） outbreak due to Norwegian scabies in a hospital, and provide basis for clinical prevention and control of HAI. MethodsThrough epidemiological investigation, all suspected patients and close contacts were investigated and traced, three dimensional distribution of patients was described, a series of effective comprehensive prevention and control measures were formulated and implemented. ResultsA total of 16 cases of Norwegian scabies infection occurred in November 316, 2015, the most frequent cases were in November 11 (n=5), the onset time of infection was concentrated in November 9-11(n=10), accounting for 62.50% of total cases. Spatial distribution of 16 cases: 12 cases were in general internal medicine department, 2 in nursing department, and 2 were relatives of employees. Population distribution: patients aged 50-59（n=7）, female (n=13), and nursing staff (n=9). After taking comprehensive prevention and control measures and medication treatment, 16 infected persons were all cured, the cure rate was 100%, there was no new cases occurred in the hospital, epidemic was under control. ConclusionNorwegian scabies is highly contagious, it can cause epidemic in local area. In order to avoid spread of scabies infection in hospital, health care workers should strengthen the diagnosis and precaution level of the disease.