医学实习生职业防护意识和行为现况分析

Current status of occupational protection awareness and behavior among medical interns

摘要:

目的了解不同专业医学实习生职业防护意识及行为现况，为进一步加强医学生职业防护教育提供依据。 方法采用问卷调查法对某医科大学2015届临床实习结束返校的医学生进行调查。结果实习期间共发生职业暴露385例，职业暴露发生率为42.31%（385/910），职业暴露者以护理学专业人员为主（190名）。358名（39.34%）医学实习生能够认知自身保护性抗体（乙肝表面抗体）；不同专业医学实习生职业暴露发生率、自身保护性抗体认知率比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。共222名（57.66%）医学实习生职业暴露次数＞1次，暴露环节以诊疗操作为主（45.45%），暴露场所以病房为主（32.21%）。职业暴露后，46.75%的医学实习生第一反应表现为紧张，35.06%表现为担心，18.18%出现严重心理反应，仅14.03%医学实习生寻求他人支持帮助。结论医学实习生对职业防护意识认知不足，应加强其职业防护教育，增加职业防护意识，关注职业暴露后的心理行为。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo understand current status of occupational protection awareness and behavior among different professional medical interns, and provide basis for strengthening the education about occupational protection among medical interns .MethodsQuestionnaire survey was used to survey medical interns at the end of their clinical internship. ResultsA total of 385 cases of occupational exposure occurred during internship period, occupational exposure rate was 42.31% (385/910)，occupational exposure mainly occurred in nursing interns (n=190). 358（39.34%）medical interns understood selfprotective antibody (hepatitis B surface antibody); difference in occupational exposure rates and awareness of selfprotective antibody among different professional medical interns was statistically significant (all P<0.05); 222 （57.66%）medical interns sustained occupational exposure more than once, 45.45% of occupational exposure occurred during the process of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, exposure mainly occurred in the wards（32.21%）. After occupational exposure, 46.75% of medical interns felt nervous, 35.06% were worried，18.18% appeared serious psychological reaction, only 14.03% sought support and help from others. ConclusionAwareness of occupational protection among medical interns is insufficient, education and awareness of occupational protection should be intensified, psychological behavioral after occupational exposure should be paid attention among medical students.