Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation and related risk factors of healthcareassociated infection (HAI), so as to provide evidence for making prevention and control measures of HAI. MethodsOn November 26, 2014, a combination method of bedside visiting and medical record reviewing was adopted to survey HAI status, pathogen examination, and antimicrobial application in all hospitalized patients in a tertiary first class military hospital. ResultsA total of 1 657 hospitalized patients were investigated, 66 patients developed 71 times of HAI, HAI rate and HAI case rate were 3.98% and 4.28% respectively. The top 4 departments with HAI prevalence rates were departments of neurosurgery (24.49%）, hematology（19.05%）, cadre ward（13.73%）, and burn surgery（10.91%）. The top 5 HAI sites were lower respiratory tract (40.85%), urinary tract（23.94%）, upper respiratory tract（12.68%）, surgical site（9.86%）, and gastrointestinal tract（5.63%）. Of 66 cases of HAI, 39 (59.09%) patients sent specimens for culture, a total of 48 pathogens were cultured, the major isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli (n=10, 20.84%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each was 7 (14.58 %) respectively. The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 34.40%, specimen detection rate in patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic+prophylactic antimicrobial agents was 59.28%. Risk factors for HAI were age <2 years old or >60 years, with respirator, tracheotomy, urinary tract catheterization, arteriovenous catheterization, hemodialysis, and surgery, difference was significant(all P<0.05). ConclusionMonitoring on key departments and key sites of HAI should be strengthened, antimicrobial agents should be used rationally based on pathogenic detection results, specimen pathogenic detection rate should be improved, and effective prevention and control measures needs to be taken according to the risk factors of HAI.