呼吸道感染患儿咽拭子病毒检测分析

Detection of virus from throat swabs of patients with respiratory tract infection

摘要:

目的了解某医院住院下呼吸道感染患儿咽拭子常见呼吸道病毒检出情况，为临床疾病诊治提供参考依据。方法采用直接免疫荧光法，对该院2013年5月—2014年4月8 425例下呼吸道感染住院患儿咽拭子进行检测，了解患儿合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒(IV)A、IVB、副流感病毒(PIV)1、PIV2和PIV3感染/携带情况。结果8 425例住院患儿的咽拭子样本，1 879例患儿咽拭子检出病毒，总检出率为22.30%，其中以RSV检出率最高(11.31%)，其次为PIV3(4.37%)。不同性别患儿呼吸道病毒总检出率比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.051）。婴、幼儿组RSV检出率最高，学龄前组各病毒检出比例相对接近，而小学组以ADV检出居多(37.50%)。春、冬季患儿以RSV感染为主，分别占62.82%和69.88%；夏季则以PIV3为主，占41.71%，各病毒所占比例在秋季差异小。结论下呼吸道感染住院患儿咽拭子中7种病毒检出率与年龄、季节等变化有关；婴、幼儿组7种病毒检出率高，以RSV为主。

关键词:

呼吸道病毒; 儿童; 合胞病毒; 腺病毒; 流感病毒; 副流感病毒; 流行病学

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo investigate the detection of respiratory tract virus from throat swabs of patients with lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) in a hospital, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsThroat swabs of hospitalized children with LRTI between May 2103 and April 2014 were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay, infection/carriage of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), adenovirus(ADV), influenza virus A(IVA), IVB, parainfluenza virus 1(PIV1), PIV2,  and  PIV3 in children were surveyed. ResultsOf 8 425 throat swab specimens of hospitalized patients, 1 879 were detected virus, the total detection rate was 22.30%, detection rate of RSV was the highest (11.31%), followed by PIV3(4.37%). There was no significant difference in the total detection rate of respiratory tract virus between children of different genders (P=0.051). Of all age groups, detection rate of RSV  in infants and young children  was the highest, the detection rates of 7 kinds of  virus from preschool children were approximate,  detection rate of ADV from primary school children was the highest (37.50%). In spring and winter, children mainly infected with RSA, accounting for 62.82% and 69.88% respectively; in summer， PIV3 was the predominant virus, accounting for 41.47%, in autumn, there was little difference in the percentage of each virus.  ConclusionThe detection rate of 7 kinds of virus isolated from throat swabs of hospitalized children with LRTI is related to age and season;  the detection rate of 7 kinds of virus from infants and young children is high, RSA is the main virus.

Key words:

respiratory tract virus; ; child; respiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus; influenza virus; parainfluenza virus; epidemiology