2010—2012年医院感染现患率调查

Prevalence rate of healthcareassociated infection in 2010-2012

摘要:

目的了解某院医院感染现患情况，为制定医院感染控制措施提供依据。方法采取横断面调查的方法，调查该院2010年6月1日、2011年6月20日、2012年4月16日0∶00—24∶00全院所有住院患者医院感染情况，并对调查资料进行统计分析。结果该院2010—2012年医院感染现患率分别为3.41%、2.32%、1.73%，3年现患率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=4.65,P＞0.05）。单因素分析结果显示：性别、年龄、泌尿道插管、动静脉插管、气管切开、使用呼吸机及外科手术是医院感染的危险因素；医院感染部位以下呼吸道居首位，占59.65%，其次为泌尿道（15.79%）、手术切口（10.53%）和胃肠道（8.77%）；3次调查抗菌药物使用率分别为57.95%、43.17%、40.23%，各组比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=54.25，P＜0.01）。共检出病原体26株，其中铜绿假单胞菌11株(42.31%)，鲍曼不动杆菌6株（23.08%），嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌3株（11.54%)，大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和真菌各2株（各占7.69%）。结论该院医院感染现患率呈下降趋势。应针对医院感染高危因素采取相应措施，并加强对重点易感部位的干预和抗菌药物的管理。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) in a hospital, so as to provide reference for making HAI control measures.MethodsThe crosssectional survey on HAI was carried out among all hospitalized patients at 0∶00—24∶00 on June 1,2010, June 20,2011 and April 16, 2012, respectively, surveyed data were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence rate in 2010—2012 was 3.41%, 2.32% and 1.73% respectively（χ2=4.65,P＞0.05）; Univariate analysis revealed that risk factors for HAI were gender, age, urinary tract intubation, arteriovenous intubation, tracheotomy, the use of ventilator, and surgery;the top infection site was lower respiratory tract (59.65%), followed by urinary tract (15.79%), surgical site infection(10.53%), and gastrointestinal tract (8.77%); Antimicrobial use rate in three surveys was 57.95%, 43.17% and 40.23% respectively（χ2=54.25，P＜0.01）. A total of 26 pathogenic strains were isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were 11(42.31%)， 6（23.08%），3（11.54%) isolates respectively,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi were 2（7.69%） each. ConclusionPrevalence rate of HAI showed decreasing trend, proper measures should be taken, intervention in susceptible sites and management on antimicrobial use should be strengthened.