1 410例儿童呼吸道感染病原体分析

Analysis on pathogens in respiratory infection in 1 410 children

摘要:

目的了解儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原体及其感染特点。方法选取某院2011年1—12月因急性呼吸道感染收治住院的患儿1 410例，采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒（包括副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型，流感病毒A、B型，呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒），培养法检测细菌。分析不同月份、年龄段儿童病毒感染率及其合并细菌感染情况。结果1 410份标本中，共检出病毒阳性594份（42.13%），以呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒为主；检出细菌阳性258份（18.30%）。3、4、10、11月份病毒检出率较高（均＞50%），7—9月病毒检出率较低（22.89%~31.40%）；1～3岁组病毒检出率较高（58.04%），6～14岁组检出率较低（22.15%）。检出病毒混合感染阳性标本22份（1.56%）；单一病毒感染患儿合并细菌感染157例（27.45%）。流感病毒A、B型感染组合并细菌感染率较高，分别为47.06%、47.27%。结论儿童呼吸道病毒感染率与年龄和季节均相关；病毒感染后患儿合并细菌感染率较高，其中流感病毒A、B型感染更易合并细菌感染。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo realize  pathogens and infection characteristics of acute respiratory infections in children.Methods1 410 hospitalized children with acute respiratory  infection were selected from a hospital in 2011. Seven  types of viruses(parainfluenza virus Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ,Influenza virus A and B,respiratory syncytial virus  and adenovirus) were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay, bacteria were cultured.  Viral infection rate in different months, different ages, and associated infection were analyzed. ResultsOf 1 410 specimens, 594 (42.13%) were detected positive for virus, and the main viruses were respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus; 258 (18.30%) specimens were detected positive for bacteria. Virus detection rates were high in March, April, October and November(all>50%), while low in JulySeptember (22.89%-31.40%);Virus detection rate  was high in 1-3 year age group(58.04%), while low in 6-14 year age group (22.15%). Mixed virus were detected  in 22  (1.56%) specimens, 157 children (27.45%) had coinfection of single virus and bacteria. The coinfection rate of influenza virus A or B and bacteria was 47.06% and 47.27% respectively.ConclusionRespiratory virus infection rate in children is associated with age and season. After viral infection, the associated bacterial infection is relatively higher, influenza virus A and B are more easily associated with bacterial infection.