医疗卫生机构医务人员结核病感染控制现状

The status of tuberculosis infection control among health care workers in healthcare facilities in China

摘要:

目的分析我国医务人员结核感染和患病情况以及相应的危险因素，为加强医疗卫生机构医务人员的结核病感染预防控制工作提供理论依据。方法采取系统综述的方法，对1995—2010年关于医疗卫生机构中医务人员结核感染和患病情况及其影响因素的相关文献资料进行综合分析。结果我国关于医务人员结核感染预防控制方面的研究很欠缺。文献资料显示，我国医务人员的结核感染率明显高于普通人群，其PPD阳性率达60.4%～62.8%；医务人员的结核病患病率也比一般人群高，达6.7/1 000人年。对医务人员感染结核的危险因素分析显示，其结核感染和患病风险主要与在工作场所暴露和感染预防控制措施不足等有关。结论医务人员的结核感染控制工作十分薄弱，相关研究不足，目前已成为我国结核病控制面临的重要问题。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) infection and TB disease among health care workers (HCWs), and to provide evidence for intensifying control of TB.MethodsA systematic review was applied to analyze the literatures about TB infection control status in healthcare facilities from 1995 to 2010．ResultsThe prevalence of TB infection among Chinese HCWs was 60.4%-62.8%, which was much higher than that of general population;the prevalence of TB disease was also higher than that of general population, the highest prevalence was 6.7/1 000 population/year. A higher risk of acquiring TB disease was associated with many factors, including certain work locations, healthcare facility design, working environment, and personal protective measures.ConclusionTB is a significant occupational problem among HCWs,available evidence reinforces the need to design and implement effective and affordable TB infection control programs in healthcare facilities in China.