小儿抗菌药物相关性腹泻的相关因素

Related factors for antimicrobialassociated diarrhea in children

摘要:

目的了解住院患儿使用抗菌药物后发生抗菌药物相关性腹泻的因素，以加强防治。方法对某院2008年6月—2010年6月住院发生抗菌药物相关性腹泻患儿的病历资料进行分析。结果共调查患儿4 368例；抗菌药物使用率为84.96%（3 711/4 368），抗菌药物相关性腹泻发生率为29.21%（935/3 201）。抗菌药物相关性腹泻发生率：≤1岁者为35.14%，显著高于其他年龄组（P＜0.01）；普通病例和危重病例分别为27.63%和41.60%，两者比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；使用抗菌药物时间≤7 d和＞7 d者分别为26.39%、34.01%，两者比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；使用4种及以上抗菌药物者为40.45%，显著高于使用1～3种抗菌药物者（P＜0.01）。结论年龄小、使用抗菌药物时间长、病情重、使用抗菌药物种类多者，容易发生抗菌药物相关性腹泻。应规范、合理使用抗菌药物，以减少抗菌药物相关性腹泻的发生。

关键词:

儿童;腹泻;抗菌药物;抗菌药物相关性腹泻;合理用药;因素

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo understand the risk factors for antimicrobialassociated diarrhea (AAD) in hospitalized children.MethodsClinical data of children with AAD who were hospitalized between， June，2008 and June， 2010 were analyzed.ResultsA total of 4 368 children were investigated, antimicrobial usage rate was 84.96% (3 711/4 368); AAD rate was 29.21%(935/3 201). AAD rate was 35.14% in children ≤1 year of age, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.01) ; AAD rate was 27.63% and 41.60% respectively in common illness cases and critical illness cases(P<0.01); AAD rate was 26.39% and 34.01% respectively in children who had received antimicrobial agents for ≤7 days and >7 days respectively(P<0.01); AAD rate was 40.45% in children who had received at least 4 kinds of antimicrobial agents,which was significantly higher than those who had received 1-3 kinds of antimicrobial agents(P<0.01).ConclusionChildren who were small ages,critical sickness, with long terms and frequent use of antimicrobial agents can easily develop AAD . The incidence of AAD can be reduced by rational use of antimicrobial agents .

Key words:

儿童;腹泻;抗菌药物;抗菌药物相关性腹泻;合理用药;因素