120例儿童手足口病临床分析 FREE

120 cases of handfootmouth disease in children FREE

摘要:

目的探讨儿童手足口病的流行特征、临床特点及转归。方法对2008年5—9月收住院的120例手足口病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果手足口病发病年龄以＜5岁者为主，男多于女；发病集中于5～7月份，多有与手足口病者密切接触史；发热发生率为60.83%，所有患儿均出现皮疹，分布于手、足、口、臀、躯干及肛周，皮疹消退时间为(4.59±1.36) d；患者易发生呼吸道感染、胃肠炎等并发症；重症病例4例(3.33%)，经抗病毒及对症治疗，仅1例合并严重病毒性脑炎者转院，其余均达到临床治愈，住院时间为(6.36±2.53) d。48例患儿行病原学检查，肠道病毒71型阳性占12.50%，柯萨奇病毒A16型阳性占66.67%，未检出病原体者占20.83%。结论手足口病传染性强，流行强度大，多发生于5岁以下婴幼儿；对患儿早期诊治及采取隔离、消毒等有效措施，可控制传播。治疗以抗病毒为主，若无严重并发症，患儿预后良好。

关键词:

手足口病;肠道病毒71型;柯萨奇病毒A16型;儿童;流行病学;病毒感染

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognosis of handfootmouth disease(HFMD) in children. MethodsClinical data of 120 HFMD children  who were admitted  in hospital  from May  to September, 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThe majority of sick children were under the age of five, boys were more than girls; the incidence focused on May to July, most children had a history of  close contact with HFMD; the incidence of fever was 60.83%, all children  showed skin rash which distributed on hand, foot, mouth, buttock, trunk and perianal, rash subsided time were (4.59 ± 1.36) days. Patients were susceptible to complications,such as respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis; 4 cases(3.33%) were severe HFMD, after antiviral and expectant treatment, only 1 case complicated with severe viral encephalitis and was transferred to the other hospital, the others were cured, length of hospital stay were (6.36 ±2.53) days. Pathogenic detection of 48 cases showed the positive rate of enterovirus 71 was 12.50%, the coxsackievirus type A16  was 66.67%, 20.83% of 48 patients were not detected pathogen. ConclusionHFMD has  strong infectious and epidemic, the majority occur in children under the age of five. Early diagnosis and treatment for patients and  isolation and disinfection measures can control the transmission of HFMD. The main treatment is antivirus, the prognosis of patients are generally good if no serious complications occur.

Key words:

handfootmouth disease; enterovirus 71; coxsackievirus type A16; children; epidemiology; viral infection