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  中国感染控制杂志  2024, Vol. 23 Issue (2): 142-147   DOI: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20244539
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基金项目

国家自然科学基金项目(81960342);国家临床重点专科建设项目(20115245)

引用本文 [复制中英文]

唐宁, 汤展宏, 易其琼. 脓毒症患者血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达情况与预后预测价值探讨[J]. 中国感染控制杂志, 2024, 23(2): 142-147. DOI: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20244539.
[复制中文]
TANG Ning, TANG Zhan-hong, YI Qi-qiong. Expression and prognostic value of serum VitD, FRT and HB-EGF in sepsis patients[J]. Chin J Infect Control, 2024, 23(2): 142-147. DOI: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20244539.
[复制英文]

作者简介

唐宁(1984-), 男(汉族), 广西壮族自治区宾阳市人, 副主任医师, 主要从事重症肺炎研究

通信作者

汤展宏  E-mail: gd439@163.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2023-05-29
脓毒症患者血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达情况与预后预测价值探讨
唐宁1 , 汤展宏2 , 易其琼1     
1. 广西壮族自治区南宁市武鸣区中医医院重症医学科, 广西 南宁 530199;
2. 广西医科大学第一附属医院重症医学科, 广西 南宁 530021
摘要目的 探讨分析脓毒症患者血清维生素D(VitD)、铁蛋白(FRT)、肝素结合性表皮生长因子(HB-EGF)表达情况与预后预测价值。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年1月某院重症监护病房收治的86例脓毒症患者作为病例组, 并选择重症监护病房中60例非脓毒症患者作为对照组。根据脓毒症患者1个月后预后情况, 将患者分为存活组和死亡组。入院时采集患者血清, 检测血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF水平, 分析其表达水平与脓毒症患者预后的相关性, 并采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评估其对预后的预测价值。结果 病例组脓毒症患者白细胞计数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、FRT水平高于对照组非脓毒症患者, VitD、HB-EGF水平低于对照组非脓毒症患者, 差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。随访脓毒症患者1个月后预后情况, 55例存活, 31例死亡。死亡组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、TNF-α、IL-1β、FRT高于存活组患者, 而VitD、HB-EGF低于存活组患者, 差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示, VitD与APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α呈负相关关系(均P<0.05);HB-EGF与APACHE Ⅱ评分、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β呈负相关关系(均P<0.05);FRT与APACHE Ⅱ评分、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β呈正相关关系(均P<0.05)。血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF联合检测预测脓毒症患者预后的AUC为0.82(95%CI: 0.72~0.86), 灵敏度为84.39%, 特异度为69.35%。结论 脓毒症患者血清VitD、HB-EGF水平较低, FRT水平较高, 其表达水平与患者预后密切相关, 对预测脓毒症患者预后具有较好预测价值。
关键词脓毒症    维生素D    铁蛋白    肝素结合性表皮生长因子    预后    ROC曲线    
Expression and prognostic value of serum VitD, FRT and HB-EGF in sepsis patients
TANG Ning1 , TANG Zhan-hong2 , YI Qi-qiong1     
1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wuming District of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530199, China;
2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affilia-ted Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
Abstract: Objective To explore and analyze the expression and prognostic value of serum vitamin D (VitD), ferritin (FRT) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) in sepsis patients. Methods 86 sepsis patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the case group, and 60 non-sepsis patients in the ICU were selected as the control group. According to the prognosis of sepsis patients one month later, patients were divided into survival group and death group. Patient's serum upon admission was taken, levels of serum VitD, FRT and HB-EGF were detected, the correlation with the prognosis of sepsis patients was analyzed, and the prognostic value was evaluated by area under curve (AUC) of receiver opera-ting characteristic curve. Results Levels of white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and FRT of case group were all higher than those of non-sepsis patients in the control group, while the VitD and HB-EGF levels were lower than those of non-sepsis patients in the control group, differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05). One month follow-up on the prognosis of sepsis patients showed that 55 patients survived and 31 died. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, PCT, TNF-α, IL-1β and FRT score in patients in the death group were all higher than those in patients in the survival group, while VitD and HB-EGF were lower than patients in the survival group, differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that VitD were negatively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score, WBC, CRP, PCT and TNF-α(all P < 0.05), HB-EGF was negatively correlected with APACHE Ⅱ, score, CRP, PCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (all P < 0.05); while FRT was positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ scores, CRP, PCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (all P < 0.05). The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of combined detection of serum VitD, FRT and HB-EGF in predicting the prognosis of sepsis patients were 0.82 (95%CI: 0.72-0.86), 84.39%, and 69.35%, respectively. Conclusion Serum levels of VitD and HB-EGF are lower and FRT is higher in sepsis patients, their expression levels are closely related to patient prognosis, and have good predictive value for predicting the prognosis of sepsis patients.
Key words: sepsis    vitamin D    ferritin    heparin-binding epidermal growth factor    prognosis    ROC curve    

脓毒症是由感染引起的全身性炎症反应综合征,随着病情进展会引起器官功能障碍而导致死亡,病死率较高,因此寻找可快捷、准确评估患者预后的指标对临床治疗及患者生存质量具有重要意义[1]。目前已有研究[2]表明,脓毒症患者普遍存在维生素D(vitamin D, VitD)缺乏情况,且患者更易发展为严重脓毒症,并出现器官功能障碍等并发症,其在脓毒症发生、发展中起到重要作用。铁蛋白(ferritin, FRT)是一种铁贮存蛋白,在多种心血管疾病及肝细胞损伤、炎症中起到重要作用,但在重症感染性疾病中的机制尚不清楚[3]。血清肝素结合性表皮生长因子(heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, HB-EGF)对血管稳定性起到重要作用,参与脓毒症炎性反应,可因为患者休克和多功能障碍等并发症,影响患者预后[4]。但关于脓毒症患者血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF水平与预后相关性及其预后预测价值方面的研究较少[5]。基于此,本研究以某院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的86例脓毒症患者为研究对象,检测脓毒症和非脓毒症及不同预后患者血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF水平,分析其表达水平与脓毒症患者预后的关系,旨在为脓毒症患者预后评估提供有价值的预测指标。

1 对象与方法 1.1 研究对象

选取2021年1月—2022年1月ICU收治的86例脓毒症患者作为研究对象(病例组);并选择ICU中60例非脓毒症患者作为对照组。随访脓毒症患者1个月后预后情况,将患者分为存活组和死亡组。纳入标准:①符合美国重症医学会和欧洲重症医学会联合发布的脓毒症诊断标准[6],年龄>18岁;②无凝血功能异常或免疫功能缺陷;③患者或家属知情且签署知情同意书。排除标准:①合并慢性肝、肾及免疫性疾病者;②入院24 h内死亡;③近3个月内服用过糖皮质激素类药物者;④合并恶性肿瘤者。本研究获该院伦理委员会批准。

1.2 方法

取患者外周血约3 mL,以3 000 r/min,离心15 min,取上清液,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清VitD、FRT水平,试剂盒分别购自德国D&G公司和上海西唐生物科技有限公司,相关操作严格按试剂盒说明书进行。采用MILLI-PLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic BeadPanel(Millipore Corp)多重蛋白检测试剂盒测定血清HB-EGF水平。使用ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β),试剂盒均购自Abcam公司。使用全自动生化分析仪检测白细胞计数、降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein, CRP)。进入ICU后采用急性生理和慢性健康评分量表[7](acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ, APACHE Ⅱ)评分、序贯器官衰竭估计(sequential organ failure assessment, SOFA)[8]评分进行评估。

1.3 观察指标

① 比较脓毒症和非脓毒症及不同预后患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、FRT、VitD、HB-EGF等临床资料;②采用Pearson相关性分析血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达与脓毒症相关指标的关系;③根据血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF水平绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),以曲线下面积(AUC)评估脓毒症患者预后的预测价值,AUC越大,预测价值越高。

1.4 统计学方法

应用统计学软件SPSS 19.0进行数据分析,计量资料均符合正态分布,采用(x±s)表示,组内比较采取配对样本t检验,组间比较采取独立样本t检验;相关性比较采用SpearmanPearson分析,以P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义;并根据ROC曲线计算AUC,评估其准确性。

2 结果 2.1 基本情况

86例脓毒症患者(病例组)中肺部感染32例,颅内感染9例,腹腔感染29例,泌尿系统感染16例;男性47例,女性39例。60例非脓毒症患者(对照组)中脑梗死36例,脑出血24例;男性33例,女性27例。病例组与对照组患者性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);而病例组脓毒症患者白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、FRT水平均高于对照组,VitD、HB-EGF水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。见表 1

表 1 两组患者基线资料比较(x±s) Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between two groups of patients (x±s)
2.2 不同预后患者临床资料比较

随访脓毒症患者1个月后预后情况,55例存活,31例死亡。存活组和死亡组患者白细胞计数、CRP、IL-6水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);而死亡组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、TNF-α、IL-1β、FRT水平均高于存活组患者,VitD、HB-EGF水平低于存活组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。见表 2

表 2 不同预后患者临床资料比较(x±s) Table 2 Comparison of clinical data of patients of different prognosis (x±s)
2.3 血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达水平与脓毒症相关指标的相关性分析

Pearson相关性分析结果显示,VitD与APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α呈负相关关系(均P<0.05),与IL-6、IL-1β无相关性(均P>0.05);HB-EGF与APACHE Ⅱ评分、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β呈负相关关系(均P<0.05),与SOFA评分、白细胞计数无相关性(均P>0.05);FRT与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β呈正相关关系(均P<0.05)。见表 3

表 3 血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达水平与脓毒症相关指标的相关性分析 Table 3 Correlation between serum VitD, FRT, HB-EGF expression levels and sepsis-related indicators
2.4 血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达水平对脓毒症患者预后的预测价值

当血清VitD截断值为21.45 μg/L时,预测脓毒症患者预后的AUC为0.69 (95%CI:0.53~0.73),灵敏度为72.36%,特异度为68.54%;当血清FRT截断值为10 354.62 ng/mL时,预测脓毒症患者预后的AUC为0.72(95%CI:0.55~0.76),灵敏度为75.68%,特异度为69.32%;当血清HB-EGF截断值为216.59 pg/mL时,预测脓毒症患者预后的AUC为0.75(95%CI:0.57~0.81),灵敏度为79.43%,特异度为69.52%;三者联合检测预测脓毒症患者预后的AUC为0.82(95%CI:0.72~0.86),灵敏度为84.39%,特异度为69.35%。见图 1

图 1 血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF预测脓毒症患者预后的ROC曲线 Figure 1 ROC curve of serum VitD, FRT and HB-EGF in predicting prognosis of sepsis patients
3 讨论

脓毒症因病情危急,在ICU患者死亡中占重要地位,炎症反应导致的感染程度与血管内皮损伤是脓毒症生理病理的重要过程[9]。研究[10]表明,了解脓毒症预后相关因素并进行干预治疗,对脓毒症患者具有积极意义。以往多采用一些感染指标评估患者机体感染情况及病情严重程度,早期灵敏度不高,随着对脓毒症患者预后的研究进展,发现VitD、FRT、HB-EGF可通过调节炎症、免疫反应,调控血管内皮细胞功能,在感染性疾病中具有重要评估作用[11]。本研究发现血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF对脓毒症病情严重程度及预后评估具有重要意义。

本次研究结果显示,脓毒症患者白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、FRT水平高于对照组非脓毒症患者,而VitD、HB-EGF水平低于非脓毒症患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),说明炎症反应与脓毒症有关,且脓毒症机体存在炎症反应激活,这与脓毒症是一种全身性炎症反应综合征一致[12]。对不同预后患者进行比较发现,死亡组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、TNF-α、IL-1β、FRT高于存活组患者,而VitD、HB-EGF低于存活组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),说明脓毒症患者机体炎症反应程度与患者感染疾病严重程度有关,感染越严重,预后越差。Pearson相关分析结果显示,VitD与APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α呈负相关关系(均P<0.05);HB-EGF与APACHE Ⅱ评分、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β呈负相关关系(均P<0.05);FRT与APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β呈正相关关系(均P<0.05),说明血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF表达与脓毒症患者预后密切相关。究其原因,APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分是评估患者病情的指标,但在预后评估中具有滞后性[13]。IL-6、CRP、IL-1β、白细胞计数、PCT是评价感染的指标,但其在非感染性疾病中也会出现升高的情况,对于预后评估存在一定局限[13]。VitD是一种脂溶性维生素,在免疫、炎症调节、细胞增殖分化、心血管疾病等方面具有重要作用[14]。脓毒症患者因机体感染炎性免疫反应应答可导致过度炎症反应,炎性因子大量分泌,进而导致促炎与抗炎失衡,破坏机体组织、细胞,进而降低炎症因子级联释放及抑制抗菌肽表达[15]。同时,VitD代谢相关酶被破坏,使其无法转化为具有生物活性的25(OH)维生素D,VitD水平降低,导致抗炎作用降低,炎症反应加剧,感染加剧,进而参与疾病发生、发展[16]。FRT是一种铁贮存蛋白,机体感染时可诱导产生特异性细胞免疫反应,激活单核、巨噬细胞,导致组织炎症浸润,组织坏死,内皮细胞损伤,脏器功能受损,FRT转运能力降低,引起血清FRT增高[17]。因此,检测血清FRT水平可为脓毒症严重程度的早期评估提供重要参考[18]。血管内皮细胞活化是脓毒症发生的重要条件,血管生成时,在血管内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子A和TNF-α的刺激下分泌HB-EGF,HB-EGF可通过介导GF-β信号通路,发挥促炎及增加血管内皮渗透性的作用,参与脓毒症病理生理过程[19]。HB-EGF水平降低,可进一步诱导血管内皮细胞活化,进而导致脓毒症疾病进展[20]。脓毒症患者机体炎症反应可导致血管内皮细胞活化或功能损伤,炎性因子和多肽分泌,释放炎症介质,血管内皮渗透增加,炎症反应加剧[21]。因此,血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF与脓毒症患者疾病严重程度密切相关,可通过观察其水平变化,评估患者疾病严重程度,进而为预后评估提供指导。

另外,经ROC曲线证实血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF联合检测对预测脓毒症患者预后具有较好预测价值,灵敏度高达80%以上,准确性较高,具有较高临床应用价值。这主要是因为炎症介质在脓毒症发生、发展过程中起到重要作用,炎症介质作用炎性细胞,加重炎症反应,导致炎性反应失衡,最终引起患者机体多器官功能衰竭,影响患者预后[22]。脓毒症患者机体炎症反应程度与疾病严重程度密切相关,控制炎性反应对于患者预后具有重要意义[23]。血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF水平可反映患者炎症反应情况,进而为预后评估提供指导,因此,血清VitD、FRT、HB-EGF可作为脓毒症预后评估的重要参考指标[24-25]。但由于本次研究样本量较少,且未对患者病情严重程度进行区分,可能对结果产生一定偏差,因此,还需扩大样本,对不同病情严重程度进行分析,以期为脓毒症预后评估提供可靠依据。

综上所述,脓毒症患者血清VitD、HB-EGF水平降低,血清FRT水平升高,其水平与患者预后密切相关,对脓毒症患者预后具有较好的预测价值,可作为脓毒症患者预后评估的重要指标,对于临床治疗及评估预后具有重要参考价值,值得临床借鉴。

利益冲突:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。

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